micropara lec

• What is microbiology the study of?

  Microorganisms, too small to see without a microscope
• What types of organisms are included in microbiology?

  Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• What does microbiology deal with regarding microorganisms?

  Nutrition, functioning, and effects on plants and animals
• What do the Greek words micro, bios, and logos mean?

  Small, life, and science
• What is parasitology?

  Study of the interaction between parasites and hosts
• What do parasitologists primarily focus on?

  Eukaryotic parasites like lice and worms
• What illnesses are caused by parasites?

  Dysentery, diarrhea, and malaria
• Who was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?

  First to observe microorganisms with a microscope
• What was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's famous discovery?

  Spermatozoa and bacteria
• Who discovered cells in 1665?

  Robert Hooke
• What did Robert Hooke observe to discover cells?

  A thin slice of cork
• Why did Hooke name the structures he observed "cells"?

  They resembled rooms in monasteries
• What book did Robert Hooke publish his discovery in?

  Micrographia
• What theory did Hooke's discovery contribute to?

  Cell theory
• What did Lazzaro Spallanzani research contribute to?

  The downfall of spontaneous generation theory
• Who dealt the final blow to spontaneous generation theory?

  Louis Pasteur
• What is Louis Pasteur known for?

  Vaccination, fermentation, and pasteurization
• What did Pasteur's studies popularize?

  The germ theory of disease
• What did Robert Koch develop for growing bacteria?

  Techniques for laboratory growth
• What disease did Koch study?

  Anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis
• What are Koch's postulates?

  Four statements explaining infection
• What is microscopy?

  Study of small objects using a microscope
• What do microscopes allow us to see?

  Details of cells, tissues, and viruses
• How do optical microscopes work?

  Use light refraction to create images
• What do electron microscopes use to create images?

  A beam of electrons
• What do scanning probe microscopes create images of?

  An object's surface at nano-scale
• What are some sub-disciplines of microbiology?

  • Bacteriology: Study of bacteria
  • Virology: Study of viruses
  • Mycology: Study of fungi
  • Parasitology: Study of parasites
  • Phycology: Study of algae
• What is bacteriology?

  Study of bacteria and their interactions
• How has bacteriology evolved?

  From microscope invention to germ theory
• Where is bacteriology used in medicine?

  To diagnose infections and develop antibiotics
• What role does bacteriology play in food and agriculture?

  Ensures food safety and develops nutritious foods
• How is bacteriology used in pharmaceuticals?

  To develop new drugs
• What does virology study?

  Biology of viruses and viral diseases
• What is mycology?

  Study of fungi, including yeasts and molds
• What has mycology contributed to medicine?

  Development of antibiotics like penicillin
• What diseases does medical mycology study?

  Athlete's foot, ringworm, and candida
• What are some types of fungi?

  Blights, mildews, and lichens
• What are protozoa?

  Unicellular parasites
• What are helminths?

  Multicellular parasites like worms
• What diseases do parasites cause?

  Malaria, schistosomiasis, and sleeping sickness