The anterior and posterior compartments

• What are the two compartments of the eye mentioned?

  Anterior and posterior compartments
• What is the location of the posterior chamber?

  Behind the iris
• What bounds the posterior chamber?

  Posterior iris surface, lens, vitreous, ciliary body
• What do the ciliary processes secrete into the posterior chamber?

  Aqueous humor
• What is the function of the zonula fibers in the posterior chamber?

  They connect the ciliary body to the lens capsule
• What are the two regions of the posterior chamber?

  1. Canal of Hannover and retro zonular space
  2. Canal of Petit

  
• What is the primary function of Schlemm’s canal and trabecular meshwork?

  Provide an exit for aqueous humor

  
• How does aqueous humor benefit surrounding tissues?

  By supplying nutrients through diffusion

  
• What is the volume of the anterior chamber?

  220 µl
• What clinical parameters are associated with the anterior chamber?

  Anterior chamber depth and angle
• What forms the anterior chamber angle (ACA)?

  Between posterior cornea and anterior iris
• What structures bound the anterior chamber angle (ACA)?

  • Schwalbe’s line
  • Trabecular meshwork
  • Scleral spur
  • Anterior surface of ciliary body

  
• What is the significance of Schwalbe’s line?

  Marks transition from trabecular to corneal endothelium

  
• What is the trabecular meshwork's shape and color?

  Triangular shape, pale tan to dark-brown

  
• What are the three portions of the trabecular meshwork?

  • Uveal meshwork
  • Corneoscleral meshwork
  • Juxtacanalicular tissue

  
• What is the arrangement of the uveal meshwork?

  In cord-like trabeculae extending to Schwalbe's line

  
• What is the function of the corneoscleral meshwork?

  Regulates intraocular pressure (IOP)

  
• What is the diameter range of the perforations in the corneoscleral meshwork?

  5 to 50 µm
• What are the three layers of the juxtacanalicular tissue?

  • Inner trabecular endothelial
  • Central connective tissue
  • Endothelium of Schlemm's canal
• What is the role of Schlemm’s canal endothelium?

  Acts as a physiological barrier with tight junctions
• What is the average diameter of Schlemm’s canal?

  190 to 370 µm
• What is the composition of aqueous humor?

  99.9% water, low protein, glucose, electrolytes
• What are the functions of aqueous humor?

  • Provides oxygen and nutrients
  • Removes metabolic waste
  • Maintains intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • Protects against UV damage
  • Facilitates immune responses

  
• What is the route of drainage for aqueous humor?

  90% through trabecular meshwork, 10% uveal-scleral

  
• How does IOP relate to aqueous humor production?

  IOP depends on production rate and outflow resistance
• What happens to Schlemm’s canal during elevated IOP?

  It collapses, affecting aqueous outflow
• What are the effects of increased IOP on the trabecular meshwork?

  • Collapse of Schlemm’s canal
  • Distention of TM
  • Increased endothelial vacuoles

  
• What is the primary function of the aqueous humor?

  Optically clear medium for vision

  
• How does the aqueous humor contribute to intraocular pressure (IOP)?

  It inflates the globe and maintains IOP

  
• What role do high ascorbate levels play in the eye?

  They protect against ultraviolet-induced oxidative products
• What responses does the aqueous humor facilitate in the eye?

  Cellular and humoral responses to inflammation and infection

  
• Where is aqueous humor secreted in the eye?

  In the posterior chamber (ciliary body)
• What is the primary route of drainage for aqueous humor?

  Conventional route through trabecular meshwork

  
• What percentage of aqueous humor drains through the conventional route?

  90% (70-95%)

  
• What is the secondary route of aqueous humor drainage?

  Uveal-scleral outflow

  
• What factors influence intraocular pressure (IOP)?

  Rate of aqueous production and resistance to outflow

  
• According to Ohm’s law, how is IOP calculated?

  IOP = Pv + Fs * R
• What happens to Schlemm’s canal when IOP elevates?

  It collapses, increasing resistance to outflow
• What occurs when Schlemm’s canal expands?

  Resistance to outflow decreases
• What is the uveoscleral pathway's relationship with ciliary muscle contraction?

  Decreases when ciliary muscle contracts