A01

• What are the five psychosexual stages in Freud's theory?

  Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
• At what age does the phallic stage occur according to Freud?

  Between ages 3 and 6 years
• What concept do children lack before the phallic stage?

  Gender identity
• What is the focus of pleasure during the phallic stage?

  The genitals
• What complex do boys experience during the phallic stage?

  The Oedipus complex
• What feelings do boys develop towards their mother in the phallic stage?

  Incestuous feelings
• What do boys feel towards their father during the phallic stage?

  Jealousy and hatred
• What is castration anxiety?

  Fear of being castrated by the father
• How do boys resolve the conflict of the Oedipus complex?

  By identifying with their father
• What complex do girls experience during the phallic stage?

  The Electra complex
• What do girls experience that Freud termed as penis envy?

  Desire for a penis
• Who suggested the concept of the Electra complex?

  Carl Jung
• What do girls blame their mother for in the Electra complex?

  Having no penis
• What do girls substitute penis envy with, according to Jung?

  Desire to have children
• What is the process of identification and internalisation in Freud's theory?

  • Children identify with same-gender parent
  • Boys adopt father's attitudes and values
  • Girls adopt mother's attitudes and values
  • This leads to internalisation of gender identity
• What case did Freud use to illustrate the Oedipus complex?

  The case of Little Hans
• What was Little Hans's fear related to, according to Freud?

  Fear of being bitten by a horse
• What did Freud interpret Hans's fear of horses to represent?

  Fear of castration by his father
• What defense mechanism did Freud suggest Hans used regarding his fear?

  Displacement
• How does Freud's theory explain the formation of gender identity?

  Through identification with same-gender parent