A01

• What is the link between schizophrenia and family dysfunction?

  Schizophrenia is linked to dysfunctional family experiences
• Who proposed the concept of the schizophrenogenic mother?

  Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
• What does 'schizophrenogenic' mean?

  It means 'schizophrenia-causing'
• What characteristics define a schizophrenogenic mother?

  Cold, rejecting, and controlling
• How does a schizophrenogenic mother affect family climate?

  Creates tension and secrecy
• What psychological outcome can arise from a schizophrenogenic mother?

  Paranoid delusions and ultimately schizophrenia
• What is the double-bind theory related to?

  Communication style within a family
• What happens to a child in a double-bind situation?

  They receive mixed messages and feel trapped
• What is a consequence of the double-bind theory for children?

  They perceive the world as confusing and dangerous
• What does expressed emotion (EE) refer to?

  Negative emotions expressed towards a person with schizophrenia
• What are the elements of expressed emotion?

  Verbal criticism, hostility, emotional overinvolvement
• How does high expressed emotion affect individuals with schizophrenia?

  It is a serious source of stress
• What is the primary role of expressed emotion in schizophrenia?

  It explains relapse in individuals with schizophrenia
• How might expressed emotion trigger schizophrenia onset?

  It can trigger onset in genetically vulnerable individuals
• What are the key concepts related to schizophrenia and family dynamics?

  • Family dysfunction links to schizophrenia
  • Schizophrenogenic mother: cold, rejecting, controlling
  • Double-bind theory: mixed messages create confusion
  • Expressed emotion: negative emotions from caregivers