A03

• What is one limitation of custodial sentencing?

  Negative psychological effect on prisoners
• How does Curt Bartol describe imprisonment for many offenders?

  'Brutal, demeaning and generally devastating'
• How many people killed themselves in prisons in England and Wales in 2016?

  119 people
• What was the percentage increase in prison suicides from the previous year?

  32%
• How often did a suicide occur in prisons in 2016?

  One every three days
• How does the suicide rate in prisons compare to the general population?

  Almost nine times higher
• Who is most at risk for suicide in prison?

  Young single men
• What percentage of women in prison reported symptoms of psychosis according to the Prison Reform Trust study?

  25%
• What percentage of men in prison reported symptoms of psychosis according to the Prison Reform Trust study?

  15%
• What does the Prison Reform Trust study suggest about oppressive prison regimes?

  They may be detrimental to psychological health
• What is a counterpoint to the findings of the Prison Reform Trust study?

  Inmates may have pre-existing psychological issues
• What does the importation model suggest about prisoners' psychological problems?

  They may import issues from outside
• What does the presence of confounding variables suggest about prison's psychological effects?

  They complicate the link between prison and effects
• What is one strength of custodial sentencing?

  Opportunity for training and treatment
• What is one objective of imprisonment?

  Rehabilitation of offenders
• How can education and training in prison affect offenders?

  Increases possibility of finding employment
• What percentage less likely are offenders to reoffend after participating in college education programs?

  43%
• What do prisons that offer education programs report?

  Fewer incidents of violence
• What is another limitation of custodial sentencing?

  Offenders may learn to become better offenders
• What type of education might offenders receive in prison?

  'Tricks of the trade' from experienced prisoners
• What may younger inmates acquire while incarcerated?

  Criminal contacts for future use
• How might the dubious education in prison affect rehabilitation?

  It may undermine rehabilitation efforts
• What is the consequence of acquiring criminal contacts in prison?

  Increased likelihood of reoffending