Sign test

• What difference was found after participants drank SpeedUpp?

  Increased level of chattiness
• Why is it not enough to find a difference in means?

  We need to determine if it's significant
• What does a significant difference imply in psychology?

  It indicates a difference unlikely due to chance
• What statistical test can be used to determine significance?

  The sign test
• What conditions must be met to use the sign test?

  Difference needed, repeated measures, nominal data
• What does probability (p) represent in research?

  The likelihood of certain events occurring
• What does the null hypothesis state?

  There is no difference/association in the population
• What is the accepted level of significance in psychology?

  0.05 or 5%
• When might researchers use a stricter significance level?

  When human cost is involved in research
• Why do psychologists use phrases like 'this suggests'?

  To indicate findings are not certain
• What is the critical value used for?

  To determine if results are significant
• What information is needed to use the critical value table?

  Significance level, N value, hypothesis type
• What must the calculated value be compared to?

  The critical value from the table
• What does it mean if the calculated value is lower than the critical value?

  The result is considered significant