Q4 WQ1 Preparation

• What is organismal biology concerned with?

  All aspects of the life of organisms
• What does xylem transport in plants?

  Water and mineral salts from roots
• What is the function of phloem in plants?

  Transports sucrose and amino acids
• What are the two main types of plant parts?

  • Reproductive
  • Vegetative
• What is Nepenthes cabanae?

  A tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mindanao
• How many Nepenthes species are in the Mt. Pantaron range?

  Eight Nepenthes species
• What is the conservation status of Nepenthes cabanae?

  Critically Endangered
• What is the significance of the Mt. Pantaron range for Nepenthes species?

  Home to eight Nepenthes species
• What are the parts of a perfect flower?

  • Stamen
  • Pistil
  • Petals
  • Sepals
• What does a matured ovary become?

  Fruit
• What does a fertilized plant gamete become?

  Seeds
• What are the differences between vascular and non-vascular plants?

  • Vascular plants have xylem and phloem
  • Non-vascular plants do not have these structures
  • Vascular plants can grow tall
  • Non-vascular plants are small and low-growing
• What are the types of stems in plants?

  • Shoot: Young stem
  • Twig: Less than a year old
  • Trunk: Main woody stem
  • Branch: More than 1 year old
  • Vines: Long trailing stem
• What is the function of pith in a trunk?

  Initial provider of nutrients
• What is heartwood?

  Heaviest and densest part of trunk
• What is the function of cambium?

  Creates sapwood and phloem
• What does bark do for a tree?

  First line of defense and protection
• What is the role of phloem?

  Moves transformed sap around the tree
• What do wood rays do?

  Allow transportation of sap radially
• What are the components of the plant's circulatory system?

  • Xylem: Transports water and nutrients
  • Phloem: Conducts sugar from leaves
  • Cambium: Meristematic tissue between xylem and phloem
• What are the differences between monocots and dicots?

  • Monocots: One cotyledon, parallel veins
  • Dicots: Two cotyledons, net-like veins
  • Monocots: Fibrous roots, flower parts in multiples of 3
  • Dicots: Taproot system, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
• What are plant hormones and their functions?

  • Regulate growth and development
  • Respond to environmental stimuli
• What do auxins do?

  Promote cell elongation and root growth
• What do cytokinins do?

  Stimulate cell division and delay leaf aging
• What do gibberellins stimulate?

  Stem elongation and seed germination
• What does ethylene promote?

  Fruit ripening and leaf abscission
• What does abscisic acid (ABA) help with?

  Helps plants survive drought conditions
• What is photomorphogenesis?

  • Regulation of growth in response to light
  • Optimizes space and light for plants
• What is photoperiodism?

  • Plant's response to day and night lengths
  • Influences flowering and seasonal growth
• What is phototropism?

  Directional growth of a plant in response to light
• What is positive phototropism?

  Growth toward the light source
• What is negative phototropism?

  Growth away from the light source
• What is gravitropism?

  Plant's growth response to gravity
• What is positive gravitropism?

  Growth of roots toward gravity's pull
• What is negative gravitropism?

  Growth of shoots against gravity's pull