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insulin process
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Cards (26)
What process involves taking a gene from one species and inserting it into another?
Genetic modification
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What is the result of genetically modifying an organism by inserting a gene from another species?
The organism expresses a new
characteristic
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What is a potential application of genetically modifying crops?
Increased
disease
resistance
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What is a potential application of genetically modifying crops?
Richer
nutrient
content
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What protein can genetically modified bacteria cells be engineered to produce?
Human insulin
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Where is DNA located in living organisms?
Inside all
cells
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What do the instructions contained within DNA determine?
An
organism's
features
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What is each individual set of instructions in DNA called?
A
gene
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What does a specific gene in the pancreas provide instructions for?
Producing
insulin
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What role does insulin play in the human body?
Helps control
blood glucose levels
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What condition is characterized by the body's inability to control blood glucose levels?
Diabetes
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What is a common solution for people with diabetes?
Regular
insulin
injections
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Where did insulin used to be sourced from before genetic engineering?
Animals, like
cows
and
pigs
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How do genetically modified bacteria cells help produce human insulin?
By expressing the
human insulin gene
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What are the small circles of DNA in bacteria cells called?
Plasmids
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What type of enzyme is used to open up plasmids?
Restriction enzyme
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What term describes the ends of the opened plasmids?
Sticky ends
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What must be extracted from a human cell for insulin production?
The
human insulin gene
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What enzyme helps join the sticky ends of the human gene to the plasmid?
Ligase
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Why is the same restriction enzyme used on both the plasmid and the human insulin gene?
To create compatible
sticky ends
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What is the name for a plasmid that contains both bacterial DNA and a human gene?
Recombinant plasmid
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What are the bacteria cells called after they receive the recombinant plasmids?
Recombinant bacteria
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What is used to grow the recombinant bacteria in ideal conditions?
A
fermentation tank
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What do the recombinant bacteria produce in the fermentation tank?
Human insulin
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What processes are performed on the produced insulin before it can be used by humans?
Collected and
purified
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What type of insulin was previously used before human insulin?
Animal insulin
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