insulin process

    Cards (26)

    • What process involves taking a gene from one species and inserting it into another?
      Genetic modification
    • What is the result of genetically modifying an organism by inserting a gene from another species?
      The organism expresses a new characteristic
    • What is a potential application of genetically modifying crops?
      Increased disease resistance
    • What is a potential application of genetically modifying crops?
      Richer nutrient content
    • What protein can genetically modified bacteria cells be engineered to produce?
      Human insulin
    • Where is DNA located in living organisms?
      Inside all cells
    • What do the instructions contained within DNA determine?
      An organism's features
    • What is each individual set of instructions in DNA called?
      A gene
    • What does a specific gene in the pancreas provide instructions for?
      Producing insulin
    • What role does insulin play in the human body?
      Helps control blood glucose levels
    • What condition is characterized by the body's inability to control blood glucose levels?
      Diabetes
    • What is a common solution for people with diabetes?
      Regular insulin injections
    • Where did insulin used to be sourced from before genetic engineering?
      Animals, like cows and pigs
    • How do genetically modified bacteria cells help produce human insulin?
      By expressing the human insulin gene
    • What are the small circles of DNA in bacteria cells called?
      Plasmids
    • What type of enzyme is used to open up plasmids?
      Restriction enzyme
    • What term describes the ends of the opened plasmids?
      Sticky ends
    • What must be extracted from a human cell for insulin production?
      The human insulin gene
    • What enzyme helps join the sticky ends of the human gene to the plasmid?
      Ligase
    • Why is the same restriction enzyme used on both the plasmid and the human insulin gene?
      To create compatible sticky ends
    • What is the name for a plasmid that contains both bacterial DNA and a human gene?
      Recombinant plasmid
    • What are the bacteria cells called after they receive the recombinant plasmids?
      Recombinant bacteria
    • What is used to grow the recombinant bacteria in ideal conditions?
      A fermentation tank
    • What do the recombinant bacteria produce in the fermentation tank?
      Human insulin
    • What processes are performed on the produced insulin before it can be used by humans?
      Collected and purified
    • What type of insulin was previously used before human insulin?
      Animal insulin
    See similar decks