Acute and chronic injuries

• What is an acute injury?

  A sudden injury from a traumatic event
• What is a chronic injury?

  A slowly developed injury from overuse
• What is a hard tissue injury?

  Damage to bone, joint, or cartilage
• What is a soft tissue injury?

  Damage to skin, muscle, tendon, or ligament
• What causes a fracture?

  Excessive force overcoming bone flexibility
• What are common signs of a fracture?

  Pain, swelling, deformity, and discoloration
• What are the two main types of fractures?

  Compound and simple fractures
• What is a compound fracture?

  Fractured bones break through the skin
• What is a simple fracture?

  The skin remains unbroken during the fracture
• What is an incomplete fracture?

  A partial crack in the bone
• What is a complete fracture?

  A total break separating the bone into fragments
• What is a greenstick fracture?

  A partial break from bending, like a twig
• What are transverse, oblique, and spiral fractures?

  Cracks across the bone at different angles
• What is a comminuted fracture?

  A fracture producing multiple bone fragments
• What is an impacted fracture?

  A break caused by compressed bone ends
• What is an avulsion fracture?

  A bone fragment detached at tissue attachment
• What is a dislocation?

  Joint displacement beyond its normal range
• What causes a dislocation?

  A force pushing the joint past its limit
• What are common symptoms of a dislocation?

  Severe swelling and a 'pop' feeling
• What is a subluxation?

  An incomplete dislocation affecting ligaments
• How can a subluxation affect future injuries?

  It can increase the likelihood of recurrence
• What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture?

  • Pain at the site
  • Inability to move the injured area
  • Deformity
  • Swelling
  • Discoloration
• What are the types of fractures?

  • Compound (open) fracture
  • Simple (closed) fracture
  • Incomplete fracture
  • Complete fracture
  • Greenstick fracture
  • Transverse fracture
  • Oblique fracture
  • Spiral fracture
  • Comminuted fracture
  • Impacted fracture
  • Avulsion fracture
• What are the differences between compound and simple fractures?

  • Compound fractures:
  • Bones break through the skin
  • Higher risk of infection
  • Simple fractures:
  • Skin remains unbroken
  • Minimal damage to surrounding tissue
• What is dislocation?

  Displacement of one bone from another
• What usually causes dislocation?

  Direct or indirect force
• Where are dislocations commonly found?

  Shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow
• What are the signs of dislocation?

  Pain, loss of movement, deformity, swelling
• What medical treatment is required for dislocation?

  Re-align bones at the joint
• What is subluxation?

  An incomplete or partial dislocation
• What can subluxation cause to ligaments?

  Damage that decreases joint stability
• What is a contusion?

  An area of skin where blood vessels have ruptured
• What usually causes a contusion?

  Fall or direct impact
• What leads to a haematoma from a contusion?

  Damaged tissue from a contusion
• What are the signs of a contusion?

  Swelling and discoloration
• What is a sprain?

  Overstretch or tear in a ligament
• What usually causes a sprain?

  Sudden twist, impact, or fall
• Where are sprains commonly found?

  Ankles, knees, shoulders, fingers
• What are the symptoms of a sprain?

  Pain, swelling, bruising, possible dislocation
• What are the three levels of severity for sprains?

  • Grade 1: overstretch of a few ligaments
  • Grade 2: partial tear of a ligament
  • Grade 3: complete rupture of ligament