Cell structure

• plasma membrane is a partially permeable membrane that surrounds the cell to ensure cell contents are retained
• DNA have 4 types of bases, adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine. Adenine and thymine forms a double bond together and cytosine and guanine forms a triple bond.
• dna is wrapped by a protein called histone which is a protein that holds the DNA together and 8 histones makes a nucleosome
• endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that is continuous with the nuclear envelope that allows protein synthesis.
• rough endoplasmic reticulum has layers of large flat sheet and is the site of translation
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes, in which cannot translate.
• golgi apparatus are stacks of flattened sacs that modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles to be transported out of the cell or within the cell.
• nucleus is found in every eukaryotic cells
• the nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls all activities of the cell.
• mitochondria is an organelle that produces ATP through aerobic respiration.
• mitochondria is an organelle with double membrane where aerobic respiration occurs.
• lysosome is a small spherical organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
• mitochondria generates ATP by breaking down glucose
• Mitochondria has a large surface area for more ATP synthesis.
• Nuclues contains the nuclues membrane, chromosomes, nucleoplasm and nucleolus
• nuclear membrane is a doubke layered structed that protects the nucleus
• chromosomes are made of threads from DNA and chromatin
• nucleoplasm is the fluids inside the nucleus
• nucleolus consists of RNA and proteins and helps synthesizing ribosomes.
• Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs that are involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
• Lysosome contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials