The state and globalisation

• What is a nation state?

  A political community defined by citizenship
• According to the Montevideo Convention, what defines a state?

  Defined external borders and permanent population
• What is sovereignty in the context of a state?

  Unlimited power to issue legal authority
• Why is respect for national sovereignty important?

  It maintains peace and stability
• How do liberals view national sovereignty?

  Less important, willing to sacrifice for global interests
• What is globalization?

  An increase in connections between people globally
• What are the types of globalization?

  • Political globalization (e.g., NATO)
  • Economic globalization (e.g., single markets)
  • Cultural globalization (e.g., McDonald's, KFC)
• What do states create to address shared challenges in globalization?

  International institutions to solve those challenges
• What is a benefit of economic globalization?

  Advances in international trade and reduced costs
• What is a negative aspect of cultural globalization?

  Can lead to hostility against traditional values
• What drives globalization?

  Technology and economic factors
• What are state actors in international relations?

  Participants with significant power and influence
• What is homogenization in cultural diversity?

  Reduction in cultural diversity to a single culture
• What is an intergovernmental organization (IGO)?

  Created by treaty among two or more states
• What is a non-governmental organization (NGO)?

  Organizations formed independent from government
• What was the Leave campaign's main message in the UK?

  Take back control from the EU
• What did Cameron think about the Leave campaign?

  It was obsessed with reducing sovereignty
• What are the three different views on globalization?

  Skeptics, transformationalists, hyperglobalizers
• What is the Responsibility to Protect doctrine?

  Conditional sovereignty based on human rights
• What is a successful humanitarian intervention characterized by?

  International legitimacy and commitment to nation building
• Why did interventions in Somalia and Afghanistan fail?

  Complex rivalries and large hostile populations
• What was the outcome of the UN's Responsibility to Protect doctrine?

  It has been largely ignored since 2005
• What is the significance of the EU's Court of Justice?

  It can enforce compliance among member states
• What was the fine imposed on Poland by the EU's Court of Justice in 2022?

  1 million euros a day
• What are the key international courts established for human rights?

  • International Court of Justice (1945)
  • UN tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda
  • European Court of Human Rights (1959)
  • International Criminal Court (2002)
  • Court of Justice of the European Union (1952)
• What is the main criticism of humanitarian interventions post-Cold War?

  Mixed success and prioritization of geo-strategic interests
• What is the impact of globalization on human rights?

  Can exploit labor and reduce emissions
• What is the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in globalization?

  Influence global markets and labor practices
• What is the significance of the UN Special Tribunals?

  Investigate international crimes like genocide
• What was the cost of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda?

  2 billion dollars
• What was the outcome of the Rwandan Genocide tribunal?

  Convicted 61 individuals for war crimes
• What is the pottery barn analogy in humanitarian intervention?

  If you break it, you must pay for it
• What is required for a successful humanitarian intervention?

  Sufficient military force and long-term commitment
• Why did the intervention in Libya fail?

  No commitment to nation building after Gaddafi's overthrow
• What is the impact of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine on state sovereignty?

  Sovereignty is conditional on human rights practices
• What challenges do humanitarian interventions face today?

  Mixed success and shifting global power dynamics