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Psychology
Criminal psychology
Biological explanations
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Created by
juelcia
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Cards (25)
What biological factors are linked to criminal behavior?
Brain
,
nervous systems
,
genes
, and
hormones
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What do genetic explanations suggest about criminality?
Criminality
runs in
families
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What percentage of identical male twins were both criminals in Christensen's study?
35%
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What percentage of identical female twins were both criminals in Christensen's study?
21%
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What percentage of non-identical male twins were both criminals in Christensen's study?
13%
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What percentage of non-identical female twins were both criminals in Christensen's study?
8%
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Why might identical twins show higher criminality rates?
They
are
often
raised
similarly
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What is a strength of Christensen's twin study?
It has strong
scientific
evidence
and reliability
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What is a weakness of Christensen's twin study?
It neglects
environmental
factors
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What do adoption studies help to rule out?
The
influence
of upbringing on
criminality
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What did Hatchings and Medwick find about adopted children and crime?
21%
had a
biological
father with a conviction
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What percentage of adopted children without a convicted biological father committed crimes?
10%
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Why is the biological basis for criminality not fully understood?
Other
attributes
may
explain
criminal
behavior
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What theory suggests certain personality traits are linked to criminality?
Personality theory
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Who studied personality traits related to criminality?
Eysenck
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What does the Eysenck personality questionnaire measure?
Extroversion
,
neuroticism
, and psychoticism
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What is the PEN score in Eysenck's theory?
A score based on
personality traits
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What do high PEN scores indicate about a person's nervous system?
It has a low
arousal level
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How do unstable neurotics react under stress according to Eysenck?
They
overreact
quickly
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What does a low P score indicate about a person?
They lack
compassion
and can be
anti-social
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What do moderate PEN scores suggest?
They are common among the
population
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How do high PEN scores relate to socialization?
They make
socialization
harder
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Why is punishment less effective for those with high PEN scores?
They don't associate
anti-social
behavior with punishment
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of Eysenck's personality theory?
Strengths:
Research evidence links personality traits to
crime
Considers
biological
,
psychological
, and
social factors
Weaknesses:
Assumes personality traits are fixed
May overlook
environmental influences
Relies on self-reported
questionnaires
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What is a major flaw in self-reported questionnaires used in personality studies?
They can reflect
desirable
characteristics
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