.that sociologists have focused too much in the nuclear family and ignore other meaningful relationships as some bonds are often stronger than blood relatives and traditional family relationships are not necessary
.close friends could be treated as relatives (fictive kin)
What did Carol Smart find in her study on donor conceived children
.argues that children often constructed their own family identities based on emotional ties as well as biological ones which challenges traditional ideas of family by showing how family dynamics depend on individual choices and expiriance
