Eukaryotic cell structure

• the nucleus contains the organism's hereditary material and controls the activity of the cell
• the nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, and it controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus
• nuclear pores allow passage of large molecules
• nucleoplasm is a jelly like substance that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
• chromosomes consist of protein bound linear DNA
• nucleolus manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes
• the nucleus is the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA, tRNA and protein synthesis
• around the mitochondria is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material, the inner of the two membranes is folded to form the critae
• cristae allows for large surface area for attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration
• the matrix contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA, it also contains many enzymes used in respiration
• muscle and epithelial tissue cells contain lots of mitochondria which allows for more production of ATP
• the chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle, it is highly selective as to what it allows to enter the chloroplast
• grana are stacks of disc-like structures called thylakoids, which contain chlorophyll, grana is where the first stage of photosynthesis stakes place
• the stroma is a fluid filled matrix where the second sage of photosynthesis takes place
• RER has ribosomes present on the outer shell which allows for a large surface area for protein synthesis and provides a pathway for the transport of materials
• the SER synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbs
• golgi apparatus is made from flattened sacs called cisternae with small rounded hollow structures called vesicles