Germany- Democracy and Dictatorship

• Who was born in Berlin in 1859?

  Frederick William Victor Albert
• What disability did Wilhelm II have at birth?

  His left arm was smaller and useless
• How did Wilhelm II's birth affect his feelings towards the British?

  He blamed his mother, fostering hatred
• What profession did the British physician practice on Wilhelm II?

  Electrotherapy and other absurd procedures
• What was Wilhelm II known for in terms of personality?

  He had a quick temper and strong personality
• What incident publicly offended the British during Wilhelm II's reign?

  The Daily Telegraph Affair
• How did Wilhelm II view British ideals?

  He preferred German nationalism and traditionalism
• What did Wilhelm II want for Germany?

  A stronger Germany to compete internationally
• What was the constitution of the new German Empire's impact on the Kaiser?

  Made him the most powerful figure in Germany
• What powers did Wilhelm II have under the new constitution?

  Control of the army and foreign policy
• Who ran the government under the Kaiser?

  The Chancellor
• What was the role of the Bundesrat?

  Representatives from each German State consenting to laws
• How could the Bundesrat's decisions be overridden?

  By the Kaiser
• What was the Reichstag's function?

  Passed or rejected legislation from the Bundesrat
• How often were members of the Reichstag elected?

  Every 3 years or 5 after 1888
• What economic change occurred in Germany from 1890 to 1924?

  Germany experienced an economic boom
• What percentage of Europe's steel did Germany produce by the early 20th century?

  Two-thirds
• What new industries emerged during Germany's economic boom?

  Chemical and electrical manufacturing
• What social change occurred due to rapid industrialization?

  Increase in the working class and poor conditions
• What political party rose due to the working class's demands?

  The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
• How many seats did the SPD have in the Reichstag by 1903?

  81 seats
• What was the total number of trade union members in Germany by 1914?

  3.3 million
• What was the Kaiser's response to the rise of socialism?

  He declared war to distract the people
• What was the purpose of the Workers Protection Act of 1891?

  To protect workers' rights
• What was the main goal of the Navy Laws passed in 1898?

  To build and improve Germany's naval fleet
• What was the secret main objective of the Navy Laws?

  To increase patriotism and decrease SPD popularity
• How did the British respond to Germany's naval expansion?

  By designing the HMS Dreadnought
• How many Dreadnoughts did Germany produce by 1914?

  17 Dreadnoughts
• What was the outcome of the naval arms race by 1914?

  The British won with 29 Dreadnoughts
• How did the naval laws affect Anglo-German relations?

  They worsened relations and led to tensions
• What was the impact of the Spanish flu in Germany by 1918?

  Killed an estimated quarter of a million Germans
• What did General Lorf advise the Kaiser to do?

  Create a new civilian government
• What was the outcome of the Kapp Mutiny?

  Sailors refused to attack British ships
• What happened on November 9th, 1918?

  The Kaiser abdicated and fled to the Netherlands
• What was declared for the first time in Germany after the Kaiser abdicated?

  Germany was declared a republic
• When was the Armistice signed?

  November 11th, 1918
• What territories did Germany lose after World War I?

  Alsace-Lorraine, North Schleswig, and more
• What percentage of its iron ore did Germany lose after the Treaty?

  75%
• What was Clause 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?

  Forced Germany to accept blame for the war
• What was the impact of the Weimar Constitution on representation?

  Provided fair and equal representation for all