Wars of the Roses

• Who founded Eton College?

  Henry VI
• Which college did Henry VI found in 1441?

  King’s College Cambridge
• What position was John Beaufort appointed to in 1443?

  Government of Gascony
• How did King Henry VI respond to Beaufort's campaign?

  He supported Beaufort's campaign over York's
• What significant event occurred in 1444?

  Truce of Tours was established
• What were the terms of the Truce of Tours?

  Marriage to Margaret of Anjou, Maine given away
• Why was the Truce of Tours considered useless?

  English did not improve their defense in France
• Who died in 1444?

  John Beaufort (Duke of Somerset)
• When did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?

  March 1445
• What happened in September 1445?

  Richard Duke of York's Lieutenancy ended
• Who was appointed Lieutenant General in France in December 1446?

  Duke of Somerset
• What position was Richard Duke of York appointed to in July 1447?

  Lieutenant of Ireland
• What happened to the income from customs by 1447?

  It dropped from £40,677 to £28,100
• What did England give up to France in March 1448?

  Anjou and Maine
• What injustice did the Pastons experience in 1448?

  At the hands of Suffolk’s affinity
• What significant event occurred in April 1449?

  France invaded Normandy
• Why did Parliament blame Suffolk in 1449?

  For the losses in France
• What did Parliament refuse to grant until the Act of Resumption was passed?

  Any more taxes
• What happened to the Duke of Suffolk in April 1450?

  He was exiled and executed
• What was Cade’s Rebellion?

  A rebellion in May-June 1450
• What happened in August 1450?

  Normandy was lost to the French
• Why was Richard Duke of York's return from Ireland significant in September 1450?

  He wanted to clear his name after Cade's Rebellion
• What was the Act of Resumption?

  A law to reclaim crown lands
• What was the outcome of York's attempt to assert his position in May 1451?

  Commons agreed, but Lords did not
• What happened in September 1451 regarding York?

  He was invited to King’s Council but refused
• What was the result of the Act of Resumption in 1451?

  It was more successful than before
• What significant event occurred in January 1452?

  York swore an oath of allegiance to the King
• What was the Dartford Coup?

  A failed coup attempt in March 1452
• Why did the Dartford Coup fail?

  Stronger economy and lack of support
• When did Henry VI's illness begin?

  August 1453
• What significant event occurred in October 1453?

  Prince Edward was born
• What happened to the Duke of Somerset in November 1453?

  He was imprisoned in the Tower of London
• What began in March 1454?

  Richard Duke of York's 1st protectorate
• Why was Richard Duke of York's 1st protectorate necessary?

  Henry VI was unresponsive and needed a Chancellor
• What were the positive reforms of York during his protectorate?

  Reduced royal household size and expenditure
• What were the negative reforms of York during his protectorate?

  Failed to reform the navy due to funding
• What battle occurred in October 1454?

  Battle of Stamford Bridge
• What happened in December 1454?

  Henry VI recovered from his illness
• What occurred in February 1455?

  York's 1st protectorate ended
• What happened in May 1455?

  1st Battle of St Albans occurred