Nucleic acids

• A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
• DNA is synthesized during DNA replication using the enzyme DNA polymerase, but RNA is synthesized during transcription using the enzyme RNA polymerase.
• ATP is the universal energy currency of the cell. It is formed by ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups. The significant amount of energy is accumulated in those groups, and thus, energy is released during hydrolysis. It supplies energy for synthetic processes and other energy-requiring reactions.