pe paper 1

• What does the cranium protect?

  The brain
• What bones are located in the lower arm?

  Radius and ulna
• What is another name for the scapula?

  Shoulder blade
• What is the long bone in the upper leg called?

  Femur
• What is the bone in the knee called?

  Patella
• What is the thicker bone in the lower leg?

  Tibia
• What bone sits just on the outside of the lower leg?

  Fibula
• What is the bone in the ankle called?

  Talus
• What are the four types of bones?

  • Irregular
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
• What is the function of flat bones?

  Protection of major organs
• What do long bones facilitate?

  Gross movements
• Where are short bones found?

  Hands, wrists, feet, ankles
• What do irregular bones provide?

  Structure and stability
• What are the six functions of the skeletal system?

  • Movement
  • Protection
  • Structural shape
  • Support
  • Mineral storage
  • Blood cell production
• Where are blood cells produced?

  In the inner bone marrow
• What do white blood cells do?

  Fight infection
• What do red blood cells carry?

  Oxygen
• What attaches muscle to bone?

  Tendons
• What attaches bone to bone?

  Ligaments
• What does the synovial membrane produce?

  Synovial fluid
• What is the function of synovial fluid?

  Lubricate the joints
• What is a bursa?

  A fluid-filled sac
• What is the function of cartilage?

  Reduce friction between bone ends
• What surrounds and encloses a synovial joint?

  Joint capsule
• What are the types of synovial joints?

  • Hinge joints
  • Ball and socket joints
• Where is a ball and socket joint found?

  Shoulder and hip
• Where is a hinge joint found?

  Elbow and knee
• What movements do ball and socket joints allow?

  Greatest range of movement
• What movements can hinge joints perform?

  Flexion and extension
• What is flexion?

  Decreasing the angle of the joint
• What is extension?

  Increasing the angle of the joint
• What is plantar flexion?

  Pointing toes towards the ground
• What is dorsiflexion?

  Lifting toes upwards towards the knee
• What are the major muscles of the body?

  • Pectorals
  • Deltoids
  • Rotator cuff
  • Biceps
  • Triceps
  • Abdominals
  • Hip flexors
  • Gluteals
  • Quadriceps
  • Hamstrings
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Latissimus dorsi
• What is an agonist muscle?

  The muscle that contracts and shortens
• What is an antagonist muscle?

  The muscle that relaxes and lengthens
• What happens during a bicep curl?

  The bicep is the agonist
• What is an isotonic contraction?

  Involves movement of muscles
• What is a concentric contraction?

  Muscle contracts and shortens
• What is an eccentric contraction?

  Muscle elongates and relaxes