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Infection science
Parasites
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Cards (89)
In symbiotic relationships, what term describes the organism that harbors the other?
Host
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In symbiotic relationships, what term describes the organism that lives in or on another organism?
Symbiont
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What type of symbiotic relationship is parasitism?
Harmful
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What type of symbiotic relationship is commensalism?
One benefits, other is
unaffected
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What type of symbiotic relationship is mutualism?
Both
benefit
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Approximately what percentage of known species in the world are parasites?
40%
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What resources can a host provide to a parasite?
Home, transport, energy,
hatchery
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Which type of organisms can act as hosts for parasites?
Man
,
animals
,
plants
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What are the two main categories of hosts, based on their anatomy?
Vertebrate
and
invertebrate
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What are the two main categories of hosts, based on their environment?
Aquatic
and
terrestrial
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What is a monoxene cycle?
Parasite life cycle with only one
host
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What is a heteroxene cycle?
Parasite life cycle with more than one
host
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What two organisms are hosts to Taenia saginata?
Ox
and
man
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What two organisms are hosts to Plasmodium spp?
Mosquito
and
man
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What three organisms are hosts to a fluke?
Mollusc
,
ant
, mammal
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What impact does parasite infection have on Austrovenus stutchburyi cockles?
Prevents them from
burrowing
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What type of cells are protozoa?
Unicellular
eukaryotes
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What is the typical size of most parasitic protozoa infecting humans?
Smaller than
50 μm
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What is the classification of protozoa based on?
Mode of movement
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What is the phylum of amoeboids?
Sarcodina
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What is the phylum of flagellates?
Mastigophora
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What is the phylum of ciliates?
Ciliophora
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What is the structure of helminths?
Multicellular
invertebrates
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What is the shape of flukes (trematodes)?
Leaf-shaped
flatworms
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What is the shape of tapeworms (cestodes)?
Segmented
hermaphroditic
flatworms
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What is the shape of roundworms (nematodes)?
Bisexual
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What are three parasites mentioned in the text?
Plasmodium
,
Leishmania
,
Ascaris
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Through which interfaces can parasites infect hosts?
Skin, digestive
tract
, respiratory tract
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What type of immune response is associated with IgE production during parasitic infections?
Humoral and
antibodies
responses
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Which immune cells stimulate IgE production, and what cytokine do they produce?
Mast cells
,
IL-4
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What process does IL-4 cause in B cells to produce IgE?
Isotype switching
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What is eosinophilia a trademark of?
Immune response to
parasitic
infections
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What genus of protozoans causes malaria in humans?
Plasmodium
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What are four species of Plasmodium that cause malaria?
falciparum
, P.
vivax
, P.
ovale
, P.
malariae
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Which species of Plasmodium causes the most deadly form of malaria?
falciparum
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Which species of Plasmodium causes a mild form of malaria?
vivax
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What are some symptoms of malaria caused by P. falciparum?
Chills
,
fever
, sweating
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Besides chills, fever, and sweating what are more severe symptoms of malaria caused by P. falciparum?
Breathing problems, seizures, organ failure, severe
anaemia
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What can blockage of blood supply to the brain by P. falciparum cause?
Cerebral malaria
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From which cells are merozoites released?
Liver
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