Parasites

    Cards (89)

    • In symbiotic relationships, what term describes the organism that harbors the other?
      Host
    • In symbiotic relationships, what term describes the organism that lives in or on another organism?
      Symbiont
    • What type of symbiotic relationship is parasitism?
      Harmful
    • What type of symbiotic relationship is commensalism?
      One benefits, other is unaffected
    • What type of symbiotic relationship is mutualism?
      Both benefit
    • Approximately what percentage of known species in the world are parasites?
      40%
    • What resources can a host provide to a parasite?
      Home, transport, energy, hatchery
    • Which type of organisms can act as hosts for parasites?
      Man, animals, plants
    • What are the two main categories of hosts, based on their anatomy?
      Vertebrate and invertebrate
    • What are the two main categories of hosts, based on their environment?
      Aquatic and terrestrial
    • What is a monoxene cycle?
      Parasite life cycle with only one host
    • What is a heteroxene cycle?
      Parasite life cycle with more than one host
    • What two organisms are hosts to Taenia saginata?
      Ox and man
    • What two organisms are hosts to Plasmodium spp?
      Mosquito and man
    • What three organisms are hosts to a fluke?
      Mollusc, ant, mammal
    • What impact does parasite infection have on Austrovenus stutchburyi cockles?
      Prevents them from burrowing
    • What type of cells are protozoa?
      Unicellular eukaryotes
    • What is the typical size of most parasitic protozoa infecting humans?
      Smaller than 50 μm
    • What is the classification of protozoa based on?
      Mode of movement
    • What is the phylum of amoeboids?
      Sarcodina
    • What is the phylum of flagellates?
      Mastigophora
    • What is the phylum of ciliates?
      Ciliophora
    • What is the structure of helminths?
      Multicellular invertebrates
    • What is the shape of flukes (trematodes)?
      Leaf-shaped flatworms
    • What is the shape of tapeworms (cestodes)?
      Segmented hermaphroditic flatworms
    • What is the shape of roundworms (nematodes)?
      Bisexual
    • What are three parasites mentioned in the text?
      Plasmodium, Leishmania, Ascaris
    • Through which interfaces can parasites infect hosts?
      Skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract
    • What type of immune response is associated with IgE production during parasitic infections?
      Humoral and antibodies responses
    • Which immune cells stimulate IgE production, and what cytokine do they produce?
      Mast cells, IL-4
    • What process does IL-4 cause in B cells to produce IgE?
      Isotype switching
    • What is eosinophilia a trademark of?
      Immune response to parasitic infections
    • What genus of protozoans causes malaria in humans?
      Plasmodium
    • What are four species of Plasmodium that cause malaria?
      1. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae
    • Which species of Plasmodium causes the most deadly form of malaria?
      1. falciparum
    • Which species of Plasmodium causes a mild form of malaria?
      1. vivax
    • What are some symptoms of malaria caused by P. falciparum?
      Chills, fever, sweating
    • Besides chills, fever, and sweating what are more severe symptoms of malaria caused by P. falciparum?
      Breathing problems, seizures, organ failure, severe anaemia
    • What can blockage of blood supply to the brain by P. falciparum cause?
      Cerebral malaria
    • From which cells are merozoites released?
      Liver
    See similar decks