cold war

• what is containment

  using US influence and military rescourses to prevent the expansion of communism into non communist countries
• what is a doctrine

  a law or a way something should be done
• what was the truman doctrine

  a doctrine that became known as the policy of containment. USA would supply aid to prevent non communist countries becoming communist.
• what was the marshall plan?

  a plan to provide economic aid to europe
• what situations were europe in 1947

  money problems, social problems, support from communists
• who were the main 2 superpowers

  USA (capitalist) and USSR (communist)
• when was the berlin airlift

  1948-49
• what was the berlin airlift

  USSR shut off all roads and trains to access west berlin

  USA had to fly in supplies

  Russia could only stop anything by putting up distractions in the sky
• why couldnt russia shoot down supplying planes

  it would have been seen as an aggressive attack, potentially causing conflict
• what was the arms race

  a competition between USA and USSR for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons
• what did MAD stand for

  Mutual Assured Destruction
• what was MAD

  the agreement that nuclear weapons are so deadly that they should never be used
• arms race events

  1950-53 korean war= USSR supported north and USA supported south korea

  1951- USA identifies 6,000 possible targets for nuclear attack in the USSR

  1953- USA creates hydrogen bomb

  1953- USSR creates hydrogen bomb
• what is NATO and what does it stand for?

  North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- a military alliance where all members agreed to support any other member who was attacked (1949)
• what was the warsaw pact

  a military alliance of communist countries formed by soviet union
• what was the hungarian uprising

  a brutal suppression of an uprising against soviet control
• what was khrushchev's berlin ultimatum

  he accused allies of breaking the potsdam agreement

  he told them to leave berlin within 6 weeks and suggested the city would become neutral
• what was the potsdam agreement

  the agreement that germany would be divided into 4 zones
• what happened during the paris summit

  eisenhower and khrushchev were due to meet in paris however 9 days before the summit USSR shot down an american U2 spy plane

  USSR demanded all U2 flights to be stopped and USA to apologise

  USA refused to apologise, khrushchev stormed out

  the summit never took place
• the construction of the berlin wall 1961

  13th aug khrushchev closed borders between west and east berlin

  43km of barbed wire was constructed

  soon a perniment tall and wide wall was constructed
• what happened during the bay of pigs

  17th april 1961, an invasion force of around 1400 cuban exiles landed on bay of pigs

  the attempt was intended to 'topple' castro and replace the government into a friendly one (non communist)

  this attempt to overthrow was a complete faileur and an embarrassment to the USA
• when was the cuban missile crisis

  1962
• what was the cuban missile crisis

  a stand-off between kennedy and khrushchev almost causing a nuclear war
• What did the US U2 spy plane discover in Cuba?

  Missile bases being built by the Soviets
• What action did Kennedy announce on national TV regarding Cuba?

  He would implement a naval blockade
• What was the response of Soviet ships heading to Cuba?

  They turned around to avoid confrontation
• What did Khrushchev promise in his first letter to Kennedy?

  To remove missiles if the blockade was lifted
• What was the content of Khrushchev's tougher letter to Kennedy?

  Remove US missiles from Turkey for Cuba's missiles
• How did Kennedy respond to Khrushchev's first letter?

  He agreed to the terms proposed
• What was the consequence of no positive Soviet response to Kennedy's agreement?

  The US would invade Cuba
• What did Khrushchev ultimately agree to regarding the missiles?

  To remove missiles from Cuba
• When did the US agree to remove missiles from Turkey?

  After the removal of missiles from Cuba