protist

• Spirogyra (watersilk) have spiral, ribbonlike chloroplasts in each cell.
• During conjugation, the cell contents of one filament (+strain) enter the cells of another filament (−strain) through a conjugation tube.
• Mature Cladophora exist as diploids and haploids.
• The diploid stage of the life cycle of Cladophora produces sporophytes, and the haploid stage of the life cycle produces gametophytes.
• The phenomenon of alternation between haploidy and diploidy is called the alternation of generations.
• Volvox reproduce by oogamy: a motile sperm swims to and fuses with the large nonmotile egg to form a diploid zygote.
• The zygote enlarges and develops into a thick-walled zygospore.
• The zygospore is released and undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells that subsequently undergo mitosis and become a new colony.
• Some cells in Volvox divide, bulge inward, and produce new colonies called daughter colonies during asexual reproduction.
• Brown algae are marine and structurally complex, with no unicellular or colonial forms.
• Brown algae usually grow in cool water and obtain their name from the presence of a brown pigment called fucoxanthin.
• Red algae obtain their color from the presence of red phycobilins in their plastids.
• Red algae typically live in warm marine waters.
• The thallus of a red algae can be attached or free-floating, filamentous, or fleshy.
• Protozoans are eukaryotes with an animal-like, heterotrophic ecology, meaning they are active consumers and non-photosynthetic.
• Protists include all eukaryotes that lack the distinguishing characteristics of fungi, animals, or plants.
• Protists live in moist habitats and are very small in size.
• Protists can either be simple such as amoebas, or multicellular such as the brown algae.
• Some protists are photoautotrophic (ex: algae), some are heterotrophic.
• The term algae refers to seaweeds.
• Algae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms typically lacking multicellular sex organs.
• Algae are distinguished in part by their energy storage products, cell walls, and color (type & abundance of pigments).
• Algae can exist as unicellular, filamentous, or colonial.
• Unicellular algae occur as single, unattached cells that may or may not be motile.
• Filamentous algae occur as chains of cells attached end to end.
• Colonial algae occur as groups of cells attached to each other in a nonfilamentous manner.
• Amoebozoa are referred to as slime molds.
• Alveolata includes Apicomplexans and Ciliophora.
• Apicomplexans are part of the Alveolata phylum.
• Ciliophora are part of the Alveolata phylum.
• The term algae refers to seaweeds.
• Algae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms typically lacking multicellular sex organs.
• Algae are distinguished in part by their energy storage products, cell walls, and color (type & abundance of pigments).
• Amoebas typically have food vacuoles to enclose food particles for digestion, and contractile vacuoles to expel excess water.
• Amoebas live everywhere from a drop of pond water to the intestines of termites.
• Amoebas are phagocytic, meaning they engulf food particles and form a food vacuole surrounded by a membrane.
• Amoebas occur throughout the world in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.
• Amoebas' unifying characteristic is the presence of pseudopods, which are movable extensions of cytoplasm used for locomotion and gathering food.
• Most amoebas reproduce asexually.
• Slime molds have often been classified in kingdom Fungi, but they have amoeboid characteristics such as phagocytic nutrition and unique unicellular forms and assemblages.