8.3 Identification of ions

Cards (30)

  • What can flame tests be used to identify?

    Metal ions
  • What colour flame does lithium produce?

    Crimson
  • What colour flame does sodium produce?

    Yellow
  • What colour flame does potassium produce?

    Lilac
  • What colour flame does calcium produce?

    Orange-Red
  • What colour flame does copper produce?

    Green
  • What happens when a mixture of ions is used in a flame test?

    Some flame colours can be masked
  • What precipitate do aluminium, calcium, and magnesium ions form with NaOH?

    White precipitate
  • Which metal ion's precipitate dissolves in excess NaOH?

    Aluminium
  • What colour precipitate does copper(II) produce?

    Blue precipitate
  • What colour precipitate does iron(II) produce?

    Green precipitate
  • What colour precipitate does iron(III) produce?

    Brown precipitate
  • How many hydroxide ions are needed for each metal ion charge?

    As many as the charge on the metal ion
  • What happens to Na from NaOH in the reaction?

    It reacts to form a compound
  • What do carbonates produce when reacting with dilute acids?

    Carbon dioxide
  • What indicates the presence of CO2 when bubbled through limewater?

    Limewater goes cloudy
  • What is the first step in testing for halides?

    Add dilute nitric acid
  • What precipitate does chloride produce when tested?

    White precipitate
  • What precipitate does bromide produce when tested?

    Cream precipitate
  • What precipitate does iodide produce when tested?

    Yellow precipitate
  • What is the first step in testing for sulfates?

    Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • What precipitate forms when sulfate ions are present in barium chloride solution?

    White precipitate
  • What can instrumental methods detect and identify?

    Elements and compounds
  • What are the advantages of instrumental methods?

    Accurate, sensitive, and rapid
  • How does flame emission spectroscopy analyze metal ions?

    Light is passed through a spectroscope
  • What does the output of flame emission spectroscopy produce?

    Line spectrum
  • What can be identified from the line spectrum in flame emission spectroscopy?

    Metal ions and their concentrations
  • What are the steps for testing halides?

    1. Add dilute nitric acid
    2. Add silver nitrate solution
    3. Observe precipitate colour:
    • Chloride: white
    • Bromide: cream
    • Iodide: yellow
  • What are the steps for testing sulfates?

    1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid
    2. Add barium chloride solution
    3. Observe precipitate:
    • White precipitate indicates sulfate ions
  • What are the characteristics of instrumental methods?

    • Accurate
    • Sensitive
    • Rapid
    • Advantageous compared to chemical tests