10.3 Using materials

Cards (31)

  • What is corrosion?

    Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
  • What two elements are necessary for iron to rust?

    Air and water
  • How can corrosion be prevented?

    By applying a protective coating
  • What are some methods of applying protective coatings?

    Greasing, painting, or electroplating
  • What protects aluminium from corrosion?

    An oxide coating
  • What is sacrificial protection in corrosion prevention?

    Using a more reactive metal to protect
  • What metal is commonly used to galvanise iron?

    Zinc
  • How does sacrificial protection work?

    More reactive metal donates electrons
  • What are most metals used in everyday applications?

    Alloys
  • Why are pure metals like copper too soft for everyday use?

    They lack hardness for practical applications
  • What is gold in jewellery usually an alloy with?

    Silver, copper, and zinc
  • What is bronze an alloy of?

    Copper and tin
  • What is brass an alloy of?

    Copper and zinc
  • What are steels made from?

    Mixtures of carbon and iron
  • How can alloys be designed?

    To meet specific uses
  • What are low-carbon steels used for?

    Sheeting due to malleability
  • What are high-carbon steels used for?

    Cutting tools due to hardness
  • What are stainless steels resistant to?

    Corrosion
  • What are aluminium alloys used for?

    Aircraft due to low density
  • What is soda-lime glass made from?

    Sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone
  • What is borosilicate glass made from?

    Sand and boron trioxide
  • What are clay ceramics made from?

    Shaping wet clay and heating
  • What do the properties of polymers depend on?

    Monomers and production conditions
  • What are the differences between low density and high density polyethene?

    Reaction conditions and catalysts used
  • Why does low density polyethene have a low melting point?

    Weaker forces of attraction between chains
  • Why does high density polyethene have a higher melting point?

    Higher forces of attraction between chains
  • What are thermosoftening polymers made of?

    Individual, tangled polymer chains
  • What happens to thermosoftening polymers when heated?

    They melt due to weak forces
  • What are thermosetting polymers characterized by?

    Cross-linked polymer chains that do not melt
  • What are most composites made of?

    A matrix surrounding reinforcing fibres
  • What is a property of bricks and pottery?

    Very hard but very brittle