Lipids

• Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules
• Three main types of lipids are steroids, phospholipids, and triglycerides
• Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains bonded to a carboxyl functional group
• Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds or bends
• Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds and bends
• Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature
• Unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature
• Steroids are lipids with a four ring structure
• Triglycerides are three fatty acids linked to a glycerol
• Triglycerides are used for long term energy storage
• Phospholipids are a glycerol linked to a phosphate group bonded to a charged or polar molecule and two hydrocarbon chains
• Phospholipids form cell membranes
• Phospholipids have a polar head and nonpolar tail
• Amphypathic molecules have both polar and nonpolar regions
• The phospholipid bilayer forms a circle
• Vesicles can form from phospholipids
• Lipids are used for long term energy storage and the plasma membrane