Evolution and Behaviour

• What are the key components of the Biological Approach in Psychology?

  • Biological factors: genes, nervous system, hormones
  • Interaction of biological mechanisms with behavior
  • Influence on thoughts, feelings, and actions
• What does evolutionary theory state about behaviors?

  Behaviors are inherited and develop over time
• Why is the Biological Approach important in psychology?

  It helps understand biological roots of behavior
• How do biological factors interact with environmental factors in behavior?

  They influence each other in shaping behavior
• How does fear of snakes illustrate evolutionary theory?

  It evolved to protect ancestors from danger
• What role do hormone levels play in behavior?

  They can affect mood and aggression
• What ensures genetic changes are passed from parents to children?

  Inheritance
• How does the process of evolution affect trait transmission?

  Traits promoting survival are passed down
• If an animal is presented with a new environmental stimulus, which step in the hierarchy would it first respond to?

  Response to Environmental Stimuli
• How do environmental stimuli relate to behavior patterns in species?

  They trigger specific behavior patterns
• How do competitive behaviors relate to resource acquisition?

  They help individuals secure necessary resources
• What is a limitation of the evolutionary perspective on behavior?

  Testing evolutionary hypotheses can be challenging
• What is the role of natural selection in evolutionary theory?

  It promotes traits that enhance survival and reproduction
• How do biological factors influence behavior according to the Biological Approach?

  They shape thoughts, feelings, and actions
• What role does mate selection play in evolution?

  It ensures healthy offspring are produced
• What does the evolutionary perspective on behavior provide?

  Biological explanations for traits promoting survival
• What do species-specific responses indicate in Tinbergen's framework?

  Unique behavioral adaptations
• What is adaptation in the context of evolutionary theory?

  It is the process where advantageous traits become common
• How does genetic inheritance affect behavior according to the Biological Approach?

  It can influence personality traits
• How do social bonding behaviors influence groups?

  They strengthen group cohesion and support
• What are the key principles of evolutionary theory?

  • Behaviors are inherited
  • Development occurs through natural selection
  • Traits promoting survival and reproduction are favored
  • Adaptation leads to common advantageous traits
  • Inheritance passes genetic changes to offspring
• Why did our ancestors prefer sweet tastes?

  To identify energy-rich foods for survival
• How does Tinbergen's framework explain behavior?

  • Environmental stimuli trigger behavior
  • Based on internal motivation
  • Each species has unique blueprints
  • Physical structures enable specific actions
• What are the three levels of Tinbergen's framework?

  Stimuli, Motivation, Behavior Pattern
• Which biological factors are considered in the Biological Approach?

  Genes, nervous system, and hormones
• How can aggression be influenced beyond evolutionary explanations?

  By genes and hormones
• What are the main components of the hierarchy of behavioral responses shown in the image?

  • Response to Environmental Stimuli
  • Motivation
  • Template
  • Machinery to Perform
• Why might interpreting behaviors solely through evolutionary factors be problematic?

  It may oversimplify their origins
• Which species are associated with hunger and territoriality?

  Crickets and Fish
• What does evolution favor in human behavior?

  Adaptive traits that enhance survival
• How do advantageous traits affect future generations?

  They are passed down to future generations
• What role does internal motivation play in behavior according to Tinbergen's framework?

  It influences the response to stimuli
• What framework analyzes behavior in three levels?

  Tinbergen's framework
• Which species are associated with visual/social cues?

  Mice and Wasps
• How does the "Template" level of the hierarchy relate to the "Machinery to Perform" level?

  • The Template provides the biological blueprint or plan for a behavior
  • The Machinery to Perform refers to the morphological or physiological structures required to carry out that behavior
• What might have driven the evolution of competitive behaviors?

  To secure resources or mates for survival
• What does the Biological Approach in Psychology focus on?

  Biological factors influencing behavior
• How do the different levels of the hierarchy interact to produce complex animal behaviors?

  The lower levels (Response to Stimuli, Motivation) provide the initial impetus and direction for a behavior, while the higher levels (Template, Machinery) determine the specific form and execution of that behavior
• How might our preference for sweet tastes influence modern diets?

  It leads to higher consumption of sugary foods
• What is the first step in the hierarchy of behavioral responses shown in the image?

  Response to Environmental Stimuli