Cell Division & Stem Cells

• Where are chromosomes found in a cell?

  In the nucleus
• What are chromosomes made of?

  DNA and proteins
• How many chromosomes are there in humans?

  46 chromosomes
• How are chromosome pairs described?

  They are identical and have the same genes
• Why are chromosome pairs not identical?

  Because alleles of a gene can vary
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the purpose of cell division?

  Growth, repair, and replacement of cells
• What happens during mitosis?

  The mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells
• How many chromosomes do daughter cells have after mitosis?

  Full set of chromosomes
• What is meiosis?

  A type of cell division forming gametes
• How many chromosomes do gametes have?

  23 chromosomes
• What is a consequence of uncontrolled meiosis?

  It can lead to cancerous tumors
• What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

  Mitosis produces identical cells, meiosis does not
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells
  • Meiosis occurs in gametes
  • Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells
  • Meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells
• What is the role of stem cells?

  They can differentiate into various cell types
• What is a concern regarding stem cell research?

  It may involve destroying potential life
• What can stem cells be used for?

  Repairing and replacing damaged tissue
• How can scientists use stem cells?

  To grow new types of cells for research
• What is a potential risk of stem cell therapy?

  It may cause cancer
• What is the significance of differentiation in stem cells?

  It allows them to become specialized cells
• Where are stem cells found in adults?

  Bone marrow
• What is the process of differentiation?

  Stem cells becoming specialized cell types
• What is the outcome of meiosis?

  Four daughter cells with half chromosomes
• How does cancer relate to cell division?

  Uncontrolled cell division can lead to cancer
• What is the total number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?

  46 chromosomes
• What happens to tissue cells during differentiation?

  They gain the ability to specialize
• What is the role of meiosis in reproduction?

  It produces gametes for fertilization
• What is the difference between somatic and gamete cells?

  Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, gametes have 23
• What is the significance of the number of chromosomes in daughter cells after mitosis?

  They have a full set of chromosomes
• How do stem cells contribute to healing?

  They can replace damaged tissues
• What ethical concerns are associated with stem cell research?

  Potential destruction of embryos
• How does differentiation affect stem cells?

  It allows them to become specialized cells
• What is the relationship between cancer and cell division?

  Uncontrolled division can lead to cancer
• What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

  It produces gametes with half the chromosomes
• What is the significance of stem cells in medical research?

  They can differentiate into various cell types
• How can stem cells be used in therapy?

  To replace damaged tissues and treat diseases
• What is the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine?

  They can regenerate damaged tissues
• What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

  Embryonic stem cells can become any cell type
• What is the significance of the number of chromosomes in gametes?

  They have half the number of chromosomes
• What is the role of stem cells in tissue repair?

  They can replace damaged tissues