Distillation

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, and heating device
• What is the function of the bung in the flask?

  To seal the flask and prevent gas escape
• Why is a thermometer used in the distillation process?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  It cools vapor to condense it into liquid
• What is collected in the beaker during simple distillation?

  Pure distilled water
• What happens to the seawater during simple distillation?

  Salt remains in the flask after distillation
• Why can't simple distillation separate methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  They have similar boiling points
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To separate liquids with similar boiling points
• What features does the fractionating column have?

  Glass rods and a height gradient
• How does the temperature affect the separation of methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  Different temperatures allow for selective evaporation
• What happens to methanol in the fractional distillation process?

  It evaporates first due to its low boiling point
• What occurs to ethanol and propanol as methanol rises in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid and fall
• What temperature is used to evaporate ethanol in fractional distillation?

  Approximately 78 degrees Celsius
• What can be assumed about the liquid left in the flask after distilling ethanol?

  It is likely pure propanol
• What is the final step in the fractional distillation process for propanol?

  Raise the temperature to boil off propanol
• What are the steps involved in simple distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Liquid evaporates and rises.
  3. Vapor cools in the condenser.
  4. Condensed liquid collects in the beaker.
  5. Remaining solution is left in the flask.
• What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises through the fractionating column.
  3. Lower boiling point liquids evaporate first.
  4. Vapor condenses in the condenser.
  5. Collect the distilled liquid in the beaker.
  6. Repeat for other liquids by adjusting temperature.