Kingdoms of life

• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  They are not classified as living organisms
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells?

  DNA is found in a nucleus
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  They are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  5 to 10 million species
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular and heterotrophs
• What does multicellular mean?

  Organisms made up of many cells
• How do animals obtain their energy?

  From consuming other organisms
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  About 300,000 species
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis using sunlight
• What is a key difference between fungi and plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize
• What type of nutrition do fungi primarily use?

  Saprotrophic nutrition
• How do fungi digest food?

  By secreting enzymes outside their body
• What is mycelium in fungi?

  A body made of thread-like hyphae
• What can some fungi be considered in relation to humans?

  Pathogens that can cause disease
• What do the terms protists and protozoa refer to?

  They refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What is a common characteristic of most protists?

  They are unicellular organisms
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  By photosynthesis or consuming other organisms
• What are bacteria classified as?

  Single-celled prokaryotic organisms
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Almost everywhere, including on skin
• How do most bacteria obtain their energy?

  By feeding off other organisms
• What is the size comparison of viruses to bacteria?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Only inside living cells of hosts
• What term describes viruses in relation to their hosts?

  Parasites that depend on hosts
• Why are all viruses considered pathogens?

  They always cause harm to hosts
• What virus is known to cause AIDS?

  HIV
• What virus is associated with COVID-19?

  SARS-CoV-2
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesize
  • Fungi: multicellular/ unicellular, heterotrophs, saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, varied nutrition
  • Bacteria: single-celled, prokaryotic, varied nutrition
• Compare the characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

  Eukaryotic:

  • Have a nucleus
  • Larger size
  • Multicellular or unicellular

  
  

  Prokaryotic:

  • No nucleus
  • Smaller size
  • Mostly unicellular
• What are the differences in energy acquisition among the five kingdoms?

  • Animals: heterotrophs (consume others)
  • Plants: autotrophs (photosynthesize)
  • Fungi: heterotrophs (saprotrophic nutrition)
  • Protists: varied (some autotrophs, some heterotrophs)
  • Bacteria: varied (some autotrophs, some heterotrophs)