ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Cards (28)
- Electron transport chain is a process by which hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one electron acceptor or electron carrier to the next until they combine with oxygen to form H2O
- electron transport chain happens in the inner membrane of mitochondria
- complex I - NADH-coenzyme Q reductase
- complex II - Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
- complex III - Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
- complex IV - Cytochrome c oxidase
- cytochrome c is the only cytochrome that is water soluble
- complex V - oxidative phosphorylation
- two electron carriers serve as mobile electron carriers that shuttle electrons between the various complexes are Coenzyme Q and Cytochrome c
- It is estimated that 95% of the oxygen used by cells serves as the final electron acceptor for the ETC
- oxidative phosphorylation is a series of reactions which couples the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 to the phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP
- NADH = used to produce 3 ATPs in oxidative phosphorylation (1)
- FADH2 = used to produce 2 ATPs in oxidative phosphorylation (2)
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation: 2 ATP
- 2 NADH x 2 ATP/cytoplasmic NADH: 4 ATP
- Conversion of 2 pyruvate molecules to 2 acetyl CoA molecules • 2 NADH x 3 ATP/NADH : 6 ATP
- PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY also known as hexose monophosphate shunt
- pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway for glucose oxidation
- 2 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation is F0 and F1
- F0 is channeling hydrogen ions in oxidative phosphorylation
- F1 is the formation of ATp in oxidative phosphorylation
- chemiosmosis is the process of moving hydrogen ions entering complex V to generate energy
- function of pentose phosphate pathway is the synthesis of the coenzyme NADPH needed in lipid biosynthesis
- ribose 5-phosphate, a pentose derivative needed for the synthesis of nucleic acids and many coenzymes
- malate aspartate shuttle gives additional energy to heart kidney and liver
- malate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase are enzymes of malate aspartate shuttle
- non-oxidative phase products are glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate
- 2 phases of pentose phosphate pathway is oxidative and non-oxidative phase