4: Changing UK economy

• What is the North-South divide?

  The real or imagined cultural and economic differences between the south of England and the rest of the UK

  In general , the south of the UK has higher standards of living, longer life expectancy and higher incomes and lower unemployment rates but it also has high house prices, more congestion etc
• Why is there a north-south divide

  The north of England got it's income from coal fields in the industrial revolution, but alternative energy has reduced the demand for coal heavily. so unemployment increased

  
  

  Deindustrialization hit the north harder, as they had lots of shipbuilding and iron works compared to the south.

  Th south developed rapidly due to a fast growing service sector
• How can regional strategies address the issue (north-south divide)

  -financial support from the UK government and the EU has helped new businesses and improvements to infrastructure

  -foreign investment has been encouraged in the North-e.g. Nissan opened in 1984 in Tyne Wear

  -Money has been invested in transport improvements such as HS2,Liverppol2 deep-water container port etc.
• Difference between the North and South

  -life expectancy in North=75.5yrs

  in South=79.5yrs

  -average house price in North=£137,000

  in South=£265,000

  shows abetter standard of living in South (London) then North (Liverpool, Yorkshire)
• What are Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs)

  -Established in 2011

  -voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses

  -There are currently 39LEPs in England

  Aim- identify business needs in local areas and encourage investment to create jobs and boost the economy
• Advantages of LEPs

  allow businesses and leaders to come together and develop a common vision for their local economy and to identify and address barriers preventing growth in the area
• Disadvantages of LEPs

  Some areas will be allocated more funding if they are in rural areas or an area that is seen to be needing further economic support so funds are dispersed across LEPs unequally which may slow down the process of progression
• What are Enterprise Zones

  -Since 2011, 24 enterprise zones have been created

  Aim- encourage the establishment of new businesses and new jobs where there were none previously
• How does the government support Enterprise zones

  -providing a business rate discount of up to £275,000 over a 5year period

  -provide super fast broadband

  -simpler planning regulations to speed up processes
• An example of a LEP

  Lancashire LEP

  -Lancashire has a tradition of industry and manufacturing based on textiles and engineering- deindustrialisation led to factory closures and job losses

  recent growth has been based on the development of aeronautical engineering
• Lancashire LEP will...

  -promote new businesses and create 50,000jobs by 2023

  -£20million of transport improvements planned in cities such as Preston and Blackburn

  -A £62million BT investment to extend superfast broadband

  -Enterprise ones will create 6000 high skilled jobs in advanced engineering and manufacturing sector
• What does globalisation mean for the world and UK

  Means the world is becoming more inter-dependent, with the UK having global links through trade, culture, transport and communications
• What international organisation is the UK part of

  -commonwealth

  -before Brexit the EU

  -NATO

  -G8

  -UN security council
• Trade

  the internet is becoming more important for trade e.g. in finance , communications, etc

  UK's biggest trade links are with the EU, where good could be traded between member states without tariffs. However Brexit has seen some changes here
• What are some components of culture?

  Writing, fashion, TV, music, architecture
• What is a notable UK media export?

  TV, accounting for £1.3 billion of export earnings
• Which UK-created cartoon has global success?

  Peppa Pig, shown in over 170 countries and earning £640 million
• How has the English language influenced UK's cultural links?

  It has given the UK strong cultural ties, and migrants have brought their own cultures like Indian and Chinese food, Italian and French fashion, and Bollywood films
• Transport


  London Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world

  Southampton is a major port for cruise liners taking tourists to places such as the Caribbean
• Electronic communications


  99% of all internet traffic passes along a network of submarine cables of which the UK is a focus with connections concentrated between the UK and USA
• The UK and the Commonwealth

  - a voluntary group of 53 countries most of which were once British Colonies and home to 2billion people
• Aim of the commonwealth

  to help government achieve a sustainable, inclusive development and gives advice on a range of issues including human rights and social and economic development
• Importance of Commonwealth countries and UK

  trading, cultural and sporting links many UK residence live in Commonwealth countries
• What does the EU allow to move freely between member states?

  Goods, services, and labour
• What do EU laws and controls cover?

  Crime, pollution, and consumer rights
• What do wealthier EU members do to support poorer EU countries?

  Pay money to the EU
• What do the European Structural and Investment Funds support in the UK?


  Disadvantaged regions and sectors like fisheries