Post and med low limb

• The medial and posterior compartments of the thigh contain the muscles Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and obturator externus.
• The blood supply to the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh comes from the Profunda femoris artery and the obturator artery.
• The nerve supply to the muscles in the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh comes from the Obturator nerve.
• The action of the muscles in the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh is to adduct the thigh at the hip joint.
• Tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
• The tibial nerve has cutaneous branches which include the sural nerve and is usually joined by the sural communicating branch of the common peroneal nerve.
• The tibial nerve also has muscular branches to the gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, and popliteus muscles.
• The tibial nerve has articular branches to the knee joint.
• The common peroneal (fibular) nerve is the smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
• The common peroneal (fibular) nerve winds laterally around the neck of the fibula and divides into two terminal branches: the superficial peroneal nerve and the deep peroneal nerve.
• The common peroneal (fibular) nerve has cutaneous branches which include the sural communicating branch and the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf.
• The common peroneal (fibular) nerve also has a muscular branch to the short head of the biceps femoris muscle.
• The common peroneal (fibular) nerve has articular branches to the knee joint.
• Posterior division of the thigh supplies obturator externus and adductor part of the adductor magnus.
• Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh include muscles such as Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and hamstring part of adductor magnus.
• Branches of the profunda femoris artery supply the blood supply to the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh.
• The sciatic nerve is the nerve supply to the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh.
• Biceps femoris muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and the head of fibula, and its nerve supply is the long head of the tibial portion of sciatic nerve, which flexes and laterally rotates the leg at the knee joint and extends the thigh at the hip joint.
• Semitendinosus muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity, the upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia, and the tibial portion of sciatic nerve, flexing and medially rotating the leg at the knee joint and extending the thigh at the hip joint.
• Semimembranosus muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity, the medial condyle of the tibia, and the tibial portion of sciatic nerve, flexing and medially rotating the leg at the knee joint and extending the thigh at the hip joint.
• Popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped intermuscular space situated at the back of the knee, most prominent when the knee joint is flexed, with boundaries laterally from biceps femoris above and lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris below, medially from semimembranosus and semitendinosus above and medial head of the gastrocnemius below, and floor from popliteal surface of femur, posterior ligament of the knee joint, and popliteus muscle.
• Popliteal fossa contains structures such as popliteal artery, popliteal vein, small saphenous vein, common peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve.
• Popliteal artery enters the popliteal fossa through the opening in the adductor magnus, as a continuation of the femoral artery, ending at the level of the lower border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
• Popliteal vein is formed by the union of venae comitantes of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, passing through the opening in the adductor magnus (adductor hiatus) to become the femoral vein.
• Tibial nerve in the lower third of the thigh ends by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves.