7.1.3.3 Matched Pairs

• How does a matched pairs design minimize bias?

  By making both groups as equal as possible
• How does matched pairs design help in studying learning techniques?

  • Participants are paired based on intelligence
  • Ensures observed performance differences are due to the technique
  • Controls for initial ability differences
• What key characteristics might be used for pairing in a matched pairs design?

  Age or IQ
• Why is it important to control for pre-existing differences in experiments?

  To focus on the effects of the independent variable
• How does a matched pairs design ensure groups are similar?

  By pairing participants based on key factors
• Why is minimizing bias important in matching participants?

  It ensures both groups start with equal key factors
• What are matching criteria in participant matching?

  Characteristics like age or IQ used for pairing
• In a study on memory techniques, how could you match participants?

  By matching students with similar IQ scores
• What is the main goal of a matched pairs design?

  To minimize bias in study results
• How do you pair participants in matching?

  By matching individuals with the same criteria value
• What is one advantage of matched pairs design?

  Reduces bias
• Why are individuals paired in a matched pairs design?

  To ensure groups are similar on key characteristics
• How does matching participants facilitate isolating effects in research?

  It controls for intelligence, focusing on memory techniques
• What is the main purpose of matching participants?

  To create equal groups with similar characteristics
• Why can pairing errors be a limitation in matched pairs design?

  They undermine control over confounding variables
• Why are smaller changes in the dependent variable more detectable in matched pairs design?

  Because of the matching between participants
• What is the independent variable in a matched pairs design study?

  The variable manipulated by the researcher
• What is the purpose of creating matched groups in research?

  To minimize pre-existing differences
• What is a matched pairs design?

  A design comparing two groups by pairing individuals
• How does matched pairs design address order effects?

  By having only one condition per individual
• What are order effects in research design?

  Effects caused by the sequence of conditions
• What is the dependent variable in a matched pairs design study?

  The variable that is measured in the study
• How does matching students by IQ benefit a study on learning techniques?

  • Controls for intelligence differences
  • Isolates effects of the learning technique
  • Enhances validity of performance comparisons
• How does matched pairs design enhance the power of a study?

  By detecting smaller changes in the dependent variable
• How does matched pairs design reduce bias?

  By creating matched groups with similar characteristics
• What ethical concerns arise in matched pairs design?

  Matching criteria may involve sensitive information
• What makes matched pairs design time and resource-intensive?

  The process is expensive and demanding
• What is a limitation of matched pairs design regarding participant matching?

  Finding matching participants can be difficult
• How does generalization relate to matched pairs design limitations?

  Generalization may be limited if the sample is unrepresentative
• What is a benefit of using a smaller sample size in matched pairs design?

  It can be more efficient
• How can matching students on IQ illustrate a limitation of matched pairs design?

  • Ensures similarity in cognitive ability
  • Finding exact matches for every participant is challenging