Particle/kinetic theory

• What are the three states of matter discussed in the video?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• What model is used to explain the behavior of particles in different states of matter?

  Particle theory or kinetic theory
• How are particles in solids described in the particle theory?

  As small solid inelastic spheres
• What holds the particles in a solid together?

  Strong forces of attraction
• What structure do particles in solids form?

  A regular lattice structure
• Why do solids have a definite shape and volume?

  Particles are fixed in position
• How do particles in solids behave?

  They vibrate around fixed positions
• What happens to solid particles when heated?

  They gain energy and vibrate more
• What is the melting point?

  The temperature where solids melt
• What occurs at the melting point?

  Particles break free of their bonds
• What are the characteristics of liquids regarding particle attraction?

  Weak forces of attraction
• How are particles in liquids arranged?

  Pretty randomly
• Why do liquids have a definite volume?

  Particles tend to stick together
• How do liquids behave in terms of shape?

  They can change shape to fit containers
• What happens to liquid particles when heated?

  They gain energy and move faster
• What is the boiling point?

  The temperature where liquids boil
• What occurs at the boiling point?

  Particles break bonds and become gas
• How do gases differ in terms of particle attraction?

  Very weak forces of attraction
• What is the behavior of gas particles?

  They move around freely
• Why do gases not have a definite shape or volume?

  They fill the container they are in
• What does random motion of gas particles mean?

  Particles can travel in any direction
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain energy and travel faster
• What happens to gas in an expandable container when heated?

  The gas will expand
• What happens to gas in a fixed container when heated?

  The pressure will increase
• What happens when gas is cooled down enough?

  Particles form bonds and condense
• What happens to a liquid when cooled further?

  Particles form more bonds and freeze
• What happens to the mass in a closed system during state changes?

  Mass remains unchanged
• How does density vary among the states of matter?

  Solids have highest, gases lowest
• What are the changes in state of matter and their processes?

  • Solid to liquid: Melting
  • Liquid to gas: Boiling or evaporation
  • Gas to liquid: Condensation
  • Liquid to solid: Freezing
• What are the characteristics of each state of matter?

  • Solid: Fixed shape and volume, strong attraction
  • Liquid: Definite volume, shape changes, weak attraction
  • Gas: No definite shape or volume, very weak attraction