Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR

• What does Boolean algebra deal with?

  Binary values: true (1) or false (0)
• How do Boolean operations assist computers?

  They help make decisions and process information
• What is the output of an AND gate when all inputs are true?

  True (1)
• How does an AND gate operate?

  Outputs true only when all inputs are true
• What is the significance of Boolean algebra in computing?

  • Performs logical calculations
  • Enables decision-making in computers
  • Processes information based on logical rules
• What is the analogy used to explain the AND gate?

  • Two light switches control a lamp
  • Lamp turns on only if both switches are on
• How many inputs does the AND gate require to output true?

  All inputs must be true (1)
• What are the conditions for the outputs of the OR gate?

  • False (0) and False (0) → False (0)
  • False (0) and True (1) → True (1)
  • True (1) and False (0) → True (1)
  • True (1) and True (1) → True (1)
• What happens when you press any doorbell connected to an OR gate?

  The doorbell rings
• How does the OR gate differ from the AND gate?

  OR needs at least one input true
• What does a NOT gate output when the input is true (1)?

  It outputs false (0)
• What does the OR gate output when at least one input is true?

  True (1)
• What are the basic operations used in Boolean algebra?

  AND, OR, and NOT
• If the inputs to the NAND gate are A = 1 and B = 0, what will the output be?

  1
• What is the function of a NOT gate?

  It inverts its input
• What are the four possible input combinations for the NAND gate?

  • A = 0, B = 0
  • A = 0, B = 1
  • A = 1, B = 0
  • A = 1, B = 1
• What is the truth table for the NAND gate shown in the image?

  The truth table shows the output of the NAND gate for all possible combinations of the two inputs A and B
• How can the NOT gate be compared to a light switch?

  • Off (0) means light is On (1)
  • On (1) means light is Off (0)
• What does the truth table for the AND gate illustrate?

  The relationship between inputs and output states
• What is the name of the logic gate shown in the image?

  NAND gate
• How does a NAND gate operate compared to an AND gate?

  It inverts the output of an AND gate
• What is a NAND gate?

  A Not AND gate that inverts output
• What happens to the lamp when both switches are true?

  The lamp turns on (True (1))
• What is the output of a NAND gate when both inputs are true?

  False
• What are the possible input combinations for two switches in the AND gate?

  False (0) and True (1)
• What is the truth table for the 2-input NOR gate?

  • Input A, Input B, Output (A + B)'
  • 0, 0, 1
  • 0, 1, 0
  • 1, 0, 0
  • 1, 1, 0
• How does the output of a NOR gate compare to an OR gate?

  It produces the opposite output
• What is the output of the NAND gate for each of the four possible input combinations?

  • A = 0, B = 0 → Output = 1
  • A = 0, B = 1 → Output = 1
  • A = 1, B = 0 → Output = 1
  • A = 1, B = 1 → Output = 0
• What is the state of the lamp when one switch is true and the other is false?

  False (0)
• What is the name of the logic gate shown in the image?

  2-Input NOR Gate
• What is the key difference between the outputs of a NOR gate and an OR gate?

  NOR gate outputs false when inputs are true
• What is the output of a NOR gate when all inputs are false?

  True
• What is the truth table for a NOT gate?

  | Input | Output |

  |-------------|------------|

  | False (0) | True (1) |

  | True (1) | False (0) |
• What is the NOR gate also known as?

  Not OR gate
• When does a NOR gate output true?

  When all inputs are false
• What are the use cases of the XOR logic gate?

  • Parity checking in digital circuits
  • Implementing addition in binary arithmetic
  • Generating random numbers
  • Cryptography and data encryption
• What is the name of the logic gate shown in the image?

  XOR
• What does a NOT gate output when the input is false (0)?

  It outputs true (1)
• What is the value of OR(0,1)?

  1
• Compare the conditions for AND, OR, and XOR gates.

  • AND: Both inputs must be true
  • OR: At least one input must be true
  • XOR: Exactly one input must be true