Relational databases and flat file databases

• How does a relational database organize data?

  Into multiple tables with specific information
• Why is SQL important in relational databases?

  It allows efficient management and querying of data
• What does a relationship in a relational database show?

  Which students are taking each course
• How could a student list be represented in a flat file database?

  As a CSV with Name, Age, and Grade
• How does the structure of a flat file database appear?

  It has a simple structure with rows and columns
• How is a relational database represented?

  Using a Schema, such as an Entity Relationship Diagram
• What is the main difference between flat file and relational databases?

  Flat file stores data in one place
• What does each row in a flat file database represent?

  A record
• What are the key differences between a flat file database and a relational database?

  • Flat file database: Single table, represented using a data dictionary
  • Relational database: Multiple entities, represented using a schema and entity relationship diagram
  • Flat file: Simple, easy, inexpensive but has data redundancy and inconsistency
  • Relational: Reduced redundancy, consistency, shared data, centralized security but takes time to set up
• What is the scalability type for MySQL?

  Vertical, complex
• What is the licensing type for PostgreSQL?

  Open-source
• How can you see which students are enrolled in courses?

  By using relationships between tables
• What is the scalability type for PostgreSQL?

  Vertical
• What does data integrity ensure in relational databases?

  Data accuracy and consistency through relationships
• What type of information might a relational database store?

  Student details or course information
• What are the advantages of a flat file database?

  Simple to create, easy to use, inexpensive
• What is a disadvantage of flat file databases?

  Less efficient for managing complex relationships
• What connects the tables in a relational database?

  Relationships that link related data
• What is the primary structure used in relational databases?

  Tables
• What is the purpose of SQL in a relational database?

  To query and manage data
• What are the key characteristics of relational databases?

  • Tables: Organized into rows and columns
  • Relationships: Connect related information
  • SQL: Language for managing and querying data
  • Data integrity: Ensures accuracy and consistency
• How is a schema shown in relational databases?

  Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams
• What is the purpose of relationships in relational databases?

  To connect tables and link related information
• What are the different database types compared in this image?

  • MySQL
  • MariaDB
  • Oracle
  • PostgreSQL
  • MSSQL
  • SQLite
  • MongoDB
  • Redis
  • Cassandra
  • Elasticsearch
  • Firebase
  • Amazon DynamoDB
• What are the disadvantages of a relational database?

  Takes time to set up
• What is the scalability limitation of flat file databases?

  Limited, becomes slow
• What is the licensing type for Oracle?

  Proprietary
• How does a relational database organize data?

  Across multiple tables linked by relationships
• What is a flat file database?

  A database that stores data in a single table
• What are the key differences in the Licensing column for the database types?

  • MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite have GNU/GPL licenses
  • Oracle, MSSQL have Proprietary licenses
  • PostgreSQL has an Open-source license
  • MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra, Elasticsearch, Firebase have Open-source licenses
  • Amazon DynamoDB has a Proprietary license
• What is a key feature of relational databases?

  Multiple tables with a schema
• Why are flat file databases easy to create and understand?

  Because they store data in a single table
• How is data organized in relational databases?

  Data is organized into tables with rows and columns
• What does a relational database use to organize data?

  Multiple tables
• What are the advantages of a relational database?

  Reduced data redundancy, consistency, shared data, centralised security
• How does data integrity in flat file databases compare to relational databases?

  Flat files offer limited data integrity
• What type of searches can flat file databases perform?

  Basic text searches
• How do relational databases handle relationships?

  They manage complex relationships
• What is a key limitation of flat file databases regarding data relationships?

  They have no relationships between tables
• How is a flat file database represented?

  By a Data Dictionary