pressure groups

• What are pressure groups?

  Organised groups for specific goals
• What is the primary aim of pressure groups?

  To influence policies and political decisions
• How do pressure groups typically operate?

  By influencing without seeking office
• What distinguishes insider groups from outsider groups?

  Insider groups work within the political system
• What is a characteristic of insider pressure groups?

  Regular contact with decision makers
• Why do insider groups avoid making extreme demands?

  To maintain government support and access
• What do outsider pressure groups aim to achieve?

  Support from public opinion
• What is the difference between sectional and promotional groups?

  Sectional groups target specific interests
• What do sectional groups represent?

  A specific section of society
• What is a characteristic of promotional groups?

  They promote ideas benefiting the public
• What function do pressure groups serve in political representation?

  They represent members and minority interests
• What is one role of pressure groups in government scrutiny?

  Examine government policies and legislation
• How do pressure groups facilitate political debate?

  By presenting arguments on both sides
• What is one way pressure groups influence policy?

  Providing expert information to governments
• How do pressure groups promote political education?

  By informing the public about their issues
• What is one method of political participation through pressure groups?

  Joining a pressure group
• What is the significance of direct access to decision-makers for pressure groups?

  It allows them to argue for their interests
• What is lobbying in the context of pressure groups?

  Influencing decision-makers through advocacy
• How do pressure groups influence political parties?

  By funding parties and influencing manifestos
• What is one method outsider groups use to influence politics?

  Protests and public demonstrations
• What is direct action in the context of pressure groups?

  Political protest involving civil disobedience
• What is the role of legal challenges for pressure groups?

  To enforce policy changes through courts
• What factor can affect the success of pressure groups?

  Public support for their campaigns
• How does membership size impact pressure group success?

  Large groups can demonstrate significant support
• What is the National Farmers Union (NFU)?

  An insider, sectional group for farmers
• What campaign did the NFU lead?

  Against bovine tuberculosis (bTB)
• What was the outcome of the NFU's campaign against bTB?

  Supported a cull of badgers
• What was a key factor in the NFU's campaign success?

  Insider access to government support
• What was the focus of the Occupy London movement?

  Protesting corporate greed and inequality
• What was a limitation of the Occupy London movement?

  Vague aims and lack of clear goals
• What are think tanks?

  Collections of experts advising on issues
• How do think tanks influence public policy?

  By providing research and policy ideas
• What is the Legatum Institute known for?

  Influencing Brexit policy discussions
• How does the Centre for Policy Studies influence politics?

  By linking with Conservative party policies
• What do lobbyists do?

  Influence decision-makers for clients
• How do corporations influence politics?

  By consulting on policies and funding parties
• What was Bernie Ecclestone's influence on Labour?

  Donated £1 million for policy exemption