Dealing with offending behaviours: custodial sentencing

• What is custodial sentencing?

  Involves serving time in prison or institution
• What are the four main aims of custodial sentencing?

  1. Deterrence
  2. Incapacitation
  3. Retribution
  4. Rehabilitation
• What is the purpose of deterrence in custodial sentencing?

  To discourage offenders from committing crimes
• What are the two levels of deterrence?

  General and individual deterrence
• How does incapacitation function in custodial sentencing?

  It removes offenders from society to protect the public
• What is the basis of retribution in custodial sentencing?

  Society enacts revenge proportional to the crime
• What is the goal of rehabilitation in custodial sentencing?

  To prepare offenders for reintegration into society
• What are the psychological effects of custodial sentencing?

  • Stress and depression
  • Institutionalisation
  • Prisonisation
• What is the impact of stress and depression in prison?

  Higher rates of self-harm and psychological disorders
• What does institutionalisation refer to in prison?

  Inmates struggle to function outside prison norms
• What is prisonisation?

  Adopting inmate code and behaviors in prison
• What does recidivism refer to?

  Reoffending after serving a prison sentence
• What factors influence recidivism rates?

  Time after release, age, crime, and country
• What is the typical recidivism rate in the UK?

  About 45% within one year of release
• How do recidivism rates in Norway compare to other countries?

  Norway has rates as low as 20%
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of custodial sentencing?

  Strengths:

  • Provides training and treatment opportunities
  • Aims for rehabilitation

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Negative psychological effects
  • May lead to better criminal skills
• What is a strength of custodial sentencing regarding training?

  It provides opportunities for education and skills
• What does the Vera Institute of Justice claim about education programs?

  They reduce reoffending by 43%
• What is a limitation of custodial sentencing regarding education?

  Offenders may learn criminal skills in prison
• What is the 'revolving door' in the prison system?

  It refers to high rates of recidivism
• What did Curt Bartol suggest about imprisonment?

  It can be brutal and devastating for offenders
• How many suicides occurred in English and Welsh prisons in 2016?

  125 suicides
• What percentage of women in prison reported symptoms of psychosis?

  25%
• What is the importation model in relation to prisoners' psychological issues?

  Prisoners may bring pre-existing issues into prison
• What are confounding variables in the context of prison psychological effects?

  Other factors influencing psychological outcomes
• What is the main objective of rehabilitation in prison?

  To prepare offenders for a crime-free life
• What is the significance of the study conducted by the Prison Reform Trust?

  It highlights psychological health issues in prison
• What is the impact of psychological health on rehabilitation?

  Poor psychological health can hinder rehabilitation
• What is the role of anger management programs in prison?

  To help offenders manage their emotions
• What is the relationship between education and reoffending rates?

  Education reduces the likelihood of reoffending
• What is the significance of the percentage of inmates who reoffended within a year?

  It indicates the effectiveness of custodial sentencing
• What is the importance of comparing different prison systems?

  To evaluate effectiveness and rehabilitation success
• What does the study tip suggest about psychological health in prisons?

  It emphasizes the need for mental health support
• What is the role of community support in reducing recidivism?

  Community support can aid reintegration efforts
• What is the significance of the psychological effects of custodial sentencing?

  They can impact rehabilitation and reintegration
• What is the relationship between prison conditions and psychological health?

  Poor conditions can worsen psychological health
• What is the impact of long-term incarceration on younger inmates?

  They may learn criminal skills from older inmates
• What is the significance of the 'tricks of the trade' in prison?

  They can lead to increased reoffending
• What is the role of anger management in reducing recidivism?

  It helps offenders control their impulses
• What is the importance of evaluating custodial sentencing?

  To assess its effectiveness and impact on society