(p1) bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  Process by which plants make glucose
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?


  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO​2
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H​2​O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O​2
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C​6​H​12​O​6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Amount of chlorophyll

  
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Rate increases until enzymes denature
• How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

  Higher light intensity increases the rate
• What is the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis?

  Higher concentration increases the rate

  
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  Converts light energy to food for the plant
• What happens if chlorophyll levels are reduced?

  The rate of photosynthesis decreases
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?


  • Measure oxygen production
  • Use pondweed in a sealed test tube
  • Measure bubble movement in a capillary tube
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  An environmental condition restricting the rate
• How can a graph show limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  One line levels off with increasing factor
• What does it mean if a graph has two lines representing limiting factors?

  Two experiments with different conditions
• What is the inverse square law in relation to light intensity?

  Light intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared
• If a lamp is 2 meters away, what is the light intensity?

  It is a quarter of its original value
• What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?

  1. For respiration
  2. Converted into insoluble starch for storage
  3. To produce fat or oil for storage
  4. To produce cellulose for cell walls
  5. Combined with nitrates to form amino acids
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What happens during exercise regarding respiration?

  More energy is needed for muscle contraction
• How does the body respond to increased energy needs during exercise?

  Heart rate and breathing rate increase
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C​6​H​12​O​6​ + O​2​ → CO​2​ + H​2​O
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid is produced
• What is fermentation in plants and yeast cells?

  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is transported to the liver to convert back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  • Sum of all reactions in a cell or body
  • Energy from respiration used to make new molecules
  • Controlled by enzymes