European union and uk

• What is the European Union (EU)?

  An economic and political union of 28 countries
• What is the basis of the EU?

  The free movement of people, goods, capital, and services
• What are the four freedoms of the EU?

  • Free movement of goods
  • Free movement of capital
  • Free movement of workers
  • Freedom to provide and establish services
• When were the four freedoms outlined?

  In the 1957 Treaty of Rome
• What does the Social Chapter aim to protect?

  Workers' rights and regulate social policy
• When was the Social Chapter introduced?

  By the 1992 Maastricht Treaty
• What does the Charter of Fundamental Rights outline?

  Political, social, and economic rights
• When was the Charter of Fundamental Rights introduced?

  By the 2009 Lisbon Treaty
• What principles does the Social Chapter outline?

  • Rules about working hours
  • Working conditions
  • Employee payment
• Who signed the UK up to the Social Chapter?

  PM Tony Blair in 1997
• What initiatives has the EU undertaken following the Social Chapter?

  Preventing discrimination based on various factors
• What must member states account for regarding the Charter of Fundamental Rights?

  When incorporating EU law into national law
• What rights are included in the Charter of Fundamental Rights?

  Right to life, private life, and fair trial
• How has the EU moved towards becoming a Political and Economic Union?

  By introducing the Euro and reducing veto powers
• What proposals did the EU outline in 2017?

  To prevent states from blocking legislation
• How many EU members adopted the Euro?

  19 EU members
• What is the role of the European Commission?

  Ensures all members apply EU law
• What are treaties and regulations in the EU context?

  • Treaties: Binding agreements between member states
  • Regulations: Binding legal acts that apply immediately
• What is the General Data Protection Regulation?

  An EU law for data protection
• What are directives in the EU?

  Legislation setting goals for member states
• What did the 2013 Industrial Emissions Directive set out?

  Goals to lower industrial emissions
• What does the European Court of Justice do?

  Enforces EU law by hearing cases
• What is the Common Fisheries Policy?

  • Rules for managing fish stocks and fleets
  • Aims to preserve fish stocks with quotas
  • Provides funding to support fishermen
• What is the aim of the Common Fisheries Policy?

  To preserve fish stocks with quotas
• How do EU fleets access waters?

  Same level of access to all EU waters
• Why was the Common Fisheries Policy viewed as unfair in the UK?

  Quotas bought up by fishermen from other countries
• What does Brexit aim to achieve regarding the Common Fisheries Policy?

  To leave the Common Fisheries Policy
• What are the impacts of the Social Chapter on the UK?

  • Erodes UK sovereignty with EU laws
  • Introduces rules on working hours and holidays
  • Increases labour costs for UK businesses
• What does the Working Time Directive outline?

  Rules around working hours and holidays
• Why do many UK businesses oppose the Social Chapter?

  It increases their labour costs and reduces competitiveness