Respiratory System Anatomy

• What is the organ on the left side of the chest?

  Left lung
• What is the name of the structure directly behind the nasal and oral cavities?

  Pharynx
• What is the voice box also known as?

  Larynx
• What are the key structures of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Nasal conchae
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Sphenoidal sinus
  • Frontal sinus
• What is the windpipe also known as?

  Trachea
• What structures are included in the Lower Respiratory System?

  • Trachea (windpipe)
  • Bronchi (main airways)
  • Bronchioles (smaller airways)
  • Lungs (with alveoli)
  • Diaphragm
• Which sinus is located near the top of the nasal cavity?

  Frontal sinus
• To what temperature does the nasal cavity heat the air?

  To body temperature
• What is the name of the small tubes that branch off from the trachea?

  Bronchioles
• What are the key structures of the lower respiratory tract?

  • Trachea
  • Bronchus
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Lungs (left and right)
  • Diaphragm
• Which structure is located above the pharynx and nasal cavity?

  Sphenoidal sinus
• What is the name of the thin membrane that surrounds the lungs?

  Pleura
• What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

  Filters, warms, and moistens air
• What is the pharynx commonly known as?

  The throat
• How are alveoli structured for gas exchange?

  Surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange
• How does the nasal cavity prepare air for the lungs?

  By filtering out dust and germs, and heating it
• What types of substances can travel through the pharynx?

  Air and food
• What is the primary function of bronchi and bronchioles?

  To conduct air to the lungs
• What is the name of the structure labeled "ALVEOLAR SAC" in the image?

  Alveolar sac
• What does the trachea do?

  It keeps air flowing between larynx and lungs
• How does air flow through the respiratory system?

  • Air enters through the nasal/oral cavity, passes through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and into the alveoli in the lungs.
• How does the diaphragm move during inhalation?

  It moves downward like a parachute
• What are the main functions of the alveoli in the lungs?

  • Gas exchange: Oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is expelled
  • Increase surface area for gas exchange
  • Thin walls allow for efficient diffusion of gases
• What is the role of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

  It allows air to travel to the larynx
• What happens to air during inhalation due to the pressure difference?

  Air is drawn into the lungs
• Where are the intercostal muscles located?

  Between the ribs
• What is the name of the air sacs in the lungs?

  Alveoli
• How do the ribs change during exhalation?

  They shrink
• What is the name of the structure labeled "ALVEOLUS" in the image?

  Alveolus
• What do bronchi repeatedly split into?

  Bronchioles
• How do the left and right bronchi differ in function?

  The right bronchus is shorter and wider to allow more air flow to the right lung
• How does air flow through the respiratory system?

  1. Nose/Mouth
  2. Nasal cavity/Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveoli
• What is the effect of the diaphragm and ribs on lung volume during exhalation?

  They decrease lung volume
• What are the main differences between bronchi and bronchioles?

  • Diameter: Bronchi are wider; bronchioles are much narrower
  • Wall Thickness: Bronchi have thicker walls; bronchioles have thinner walls
  • Cartilage: Bronchi have cartilage; bronchioles do not
• What do bronchioles further divide into?

  Smaller, finger-like branches
• What are the key differences between the functions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing?

  Diaphragm:

  • Contracts to pull downwards, increasing lung volume
  • Drives inhalation

  
  

  Intercostal muscles:

  • Contract to expand the ribcage
  • Also increase lung volume
  • Assist with both inhalation and exhalation
• What is the function of the cilia in the respiratory system?

  • The cilia help move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
• If a person has a collapsed lung, which part of the respiratory system is affected?

  Pleural space
• What occurs to the diaphragm when breathing out?

  It relaxes
• How do the larynx and trachea work together in the respiratory system?

  They ensure protection, airflow, and voice production