Gas Exchange in Lungs

• What protects the lungs?

  Rib cage
• Why is gas exchange important for the body?

  It provides the oxygen needed for body functions
• What gas passes from the blood into the air for exhalation?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is gas exchange?

  Process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Alveolus" in the image?

  Alveolus
• What is the name of the central airway in the respiratory system?

  Trachea
• Why is the close contact between alveoli and capillaries important for gas exchange?

  It allows efficient diffusion of gases
• What is the main branch of the lungs called?

  Trachea
• How does the structure of alveoli facilitate gas exchange?

  • Close contact with capillaries
  • Thin membrane allows diffusion
  • Large surface area for gas exchange
• What is contained in each heme group of hemoglobin?

  An iron atom that binds oxygen
• What surrounds each alveolus?

  Capillaries (blood vessels)
• How does the structure of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) differ from normal hemoglobin (Hb)?

  Glucose permanently binds to proteins in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) after prolonged exposure to elevated blood sugar
• What does breathing involve?

  Inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
• What is the name of the bone-like structure that connects the trachea to the lungs?

  Bronchus
• What is the physical action involved in breathing?

  Using chest muscles and diaphragm
• Describe the structure of the lungs.

  • Tree-like structure
  • Main branch: Trachea
  • Splits into two bronchi
  • Bronchi branch into bronchioles
  • Ends in alveoli for gas exchange
• What is the name of the group that hemoglobin binds to in order to transport oxygen?

  HEME Group
• What is the thin membrane surrounding alveoli called?

  Interalveolar septum
• Where does gas exchange occur in the body?

  In the lungs
• What are the main components of the alveolus?

  • Alveoli
  • Air
  • Capillary vein
  • Red cell
  • Endothelial cell
• What is the mechanical aspect of breathing?

  Moving air in and out of the lungs
• From where does the air enter the alveolus?

  Pulmonary artery
• What is removed from the body during respiration?

  Carbon dioxide
• What are alveoli?

  Tiny grape-like sacs at the end of bronchioles
• What is the structure shown in the image?

  Structure of alveolus of human lungs
• What is the direction of gas exchange in the alveolus?

  • O2 enters the blood from the air
  • CO2 exits the blood into the air
• What is the chemical aspect of respiration?

  Gas utilization and elimination in the body
• What are the two processes discussed in the material?

  Breathing and respiration
• What do the bronchi branch into?

  Smaller tubes called bronchioles
• What is the role of iron in hemoglobin?

  It binds to oxygen molecules
• How do oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveolar membrane?

  By diffusion
• What is respiration defined as?

  Biochemical process of gas exchange
• What gas passes from the air in alveoli into the blood in capillaries?

  Oxygen
• What is the name of the normal hemoglobin molecule shown in the image?

  Hemoglobin (Hb)
• What is the primary role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

  Facilitating gas exchange
• How are breathing and respiration related?

  They are related but distinct processes
• How many oxygen molecules does hemoglobin transport by binding to four iron atoms?

  Four
• How does the binding of the first oxygen molecule affect hemoglobin's ability to bind more oxygen?

  It increases the affinity for additional oxygen molecules
• What are the main steps in the process of oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

  1. One oxygen molecule binds to the first heme group
  2. This binding facilitates further oxygen binding
  3. All four heme groups become fully saturated
• What follows gas exchange in respiration?

  Oxygen transport to body cells