Classification

• What is a hierarchy? (2 marker)

  Smaller groups arranged within larger groups.No overlap between groups
• What are the acronym for the classification system? For each taxa

  Katrin- Kingdom

  Pees- Phylum

  Cakes- Class

  On- Order

  Friday- Family

  Green- Genus

  Sparkles- Species
• What does phylogenetic classification arrange species according to?

  Evolutionary origins and relationships
• What does phylogeny tell us about organisms?

  Who's related to whom and their closey related they are
• From what do all organisms evolve?

  Shared common ancestors
• What visual representation shows evolutionary relationships?

  A phylogenetic tree
• What is a classification system in biology?

  • An example of a hierarchy
  • Smaller groups within larger groups
  • No overlap between groups
• What are the main ranks in the biological classification system?

  Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
• What are the three domains in biological classification?

  Archaea, bacteria, eukarya
• What is each group in a classification system called?

  A taxa
• Why do we need a system to organize organisms?

  To understand relationships and track changes
• What characteristic must a classification system have to be effective?

  It needs to be universal
• What were the original methods of classification based on?

  • Visible similarities (appearance, behavior)
  • Fossils
  • Limitations: same species can look different
• What are the modern classification methods?

  • DNA sequence
  • mRNA sequence
  • Amino acid sequence
  • Immunological comparisons
• What is the downside of using visible similarities for classification?

  Members of the same species can look different
• What does immunological classification compare?

  Similarity of antigens on cells
• What is compared in immunological classification?

  Antibody shape and antigen similarity
• What is a key advantage of the binomial system?

  It is universal for all users
• How can the binomial system show relationships between species?

  By indicating shared Genus
• Why do different species, like llamas and camels, look similar?

  They share similar observable physical features
• What environmental factors contribute to the similarity between llamas and camels?

  Similar climate conditions and environments
• What are selection pressures that affect species like llamas and camels?

  They experience similar selection pressures
• How do similar alleles provide a selective advantage?

  They produce similar proteins and characteristics
• What happens to advantageous alleles in a population?

  They are passed to the next generation
• What is the significance of studying courtship rituals in species?

  • Similar courtship sequences indicate close relation
  • Helps understand evolutionary relationships
• What does a more similar courtship sequence between species suggest?

  Species are more closely related
• Why do different species look similar? (4 marker)


  1. Live in a similar environment
  2. Have similar selection pressure
  3. Similar alleles will have selective advantage. Will survive and reproduce and pass on advantageous allele to the next generation
  4. Produces similar proteins and therefore have similar characteristics