ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT

• What is hepatic encephalopathy caused by?

  Ammonia buildup in liver failure
• What causes jaundice?

  Bilirubin accumulation due to liver dysfunction
• Where is the costovertebral angle located?

  At the bottom of the ribcage
• What is referred pain?

  Pain felt in areas outside the abdomen
• What is primary pain in the abdomen?

  Pain from non-abdominal organs affecting the abdomen
• What is pyrosis commonly known as?

  Heartburn
• What is the main symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

  Frequent heartburn
• What does nausea indicate?

  An unpleasant feeling of needing to vomit
• What is anorexia often associated with?

  Digestive disorders and psychological disorders
• What is ulcerative colitis?

  A chronic inflammatory condition of the colon
• What does Crohn disease affect?

  Any part of the GI tract
• What is nephritis?

  Inflammation of the kidneys
• What commonly causes hepatitis?

  Viral infections, alcohol, or toxins
• What is visceral pain?

  Pain from distended or contracting hollow organs
• What characterizes parietal pain?

  Localized and severe pain from inflammation
• What is appendicitis?

  Inflammation of the appendix
• What is peritonitis?

  Inflammation of the peritoneum
• What causes biliary colic?

  Gallstones blocking bile flow
• What is cholecystitis?

  Inflammation of the gallbladder
• What is cystitis often caused by?

  A urinary tract infection (UTI)
• What does dyspepsia cause?

  Discomfort, bloating, and nausea after eating
• What is glomerulonephritis?

  Inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli
• What is an incarcerated or strangulated hernia?

  A trapped hernia cutting off blood supply
• What is irritable bowel syndrome?

  A functional disorder causing abdominal pain
• What is pancreatitis?

  Inflammation of the pancreas
• What does prostatitis cause?

  Pain and urinary issues
• What is peptic ulcer disease?

  Open sores in the stomach or duodenum
• What is diverticulitis?

  Inflammation or infection of diverticula
• What is colitis?

  Inflammation of the colon
• What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?


  Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate
• What does colicky pain indicate?

  Sharp pain often caused by obstruction
• What is ascites?

  Abdominal edema or swelling
• What are aneurysms characterized by?

  Unusual pulsations
• What does the Grey-Turner sign indicate?

  Bleeding within the abdominal wall
• What is liver cirrhosis?

  Chronic liver damage leading to scarring
• What is a spider angioma?

  Clustered red blood vessels on the skin
• What do striae indicate?

  Stretch marks from rapid skin stretching
• What does the Cullen sign indicate?

  Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus
• What does a scaphoid abdomen indicate?

  Severe weight loss or cachexia
• What is an incisional hernia?

  A defect in abdominal muscles from surgery