Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory

• What does maternal deprivation refer to?

  Separation between a caregiver and a child
• What are the consequences of maternal deprivation?

  Emotional and intellectual consequences
• Who proposed the theory of maternal deprivation?

  Bowlby
• What did Bowlby state about "mother-love"?

  It is as important as vitamins for health
• What are the long-term effects of prolonged separation from a primary caregiver?

  They can lead to emotional and psychological issues
• What is primarily absent during maternal deprivation?

  Emotional care
• What was the name of Bowlby's study conducted in 1944?

  44 Thieves study
• How many children did Bowlby study in the '44 Thieves' study?

  88 children
• What was the control group in Bowlby's study?

  44 children not accused of stealing
• What characteristic did Bowlby look for in the thieves?

  Signs of being affectionless psychopaths
• What did Bowlby suggest about affectionless psychopaths?

  It enabled children to be thieves
• What were the reasons for separations in the '44 Thieves' study?

  Hospital stays or foster homes with few visits
• How many thieves were categorized as affectionless psychopaths?

  14 thieves
• What percentage of affectionless psychopaths experienced prolonged separation?

  86%
• What percentage of the thieves group experienced early separation?

  40%
• How many in the control group experienced prolonged separation?

  Two children
• What is the difference between separation and deprivation?

  Separation is absence; deprivation is lack of care
• What can mitigate the effects of separation?

  A substitute caregiver providing emotional care
• What does Bowlby suggest about physical care?

  It is not enough for healthy development
• What is the critical period according to Bowlby?

  The first two years of a child's life
• What may lead to psychological damage during the critical period?

  Prolonged separation and deprivation of emotional care
• Until what age did Bowlby suggest the risk of psychological damage continues?

  Five years old
• What are the consequences of maternal deprivation on intellectual development?

  Delays in intellectual development and low IQ
• Who studied children from orphanages regarding IQ?

  Goldfarb
• What did Goldfarb find about children not adopted?

  They had lower IQs than those adopted
• How did Bowlby characterize affectionless psychopaths?

  Lack emotion and remorse for actions
• What are the consequences of emotional development issues?

  Difficulties in developing normal relationships
• What are the strengths of Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation?

  • Changed perceptions of child-rearing
  • Positive impact on children's treatment during separation
  • Led to social change in hospital care
  • Highlighted importance of maternal care
  • Supported by research on mental health issues
• What are the limitations of Bowlby's 44 thieves study?

  • Potential bias from Bowlby conducting interviews
  • Ethical concerns with the study's methods
  • Confusion between deprivation and privation
  • Disrupted early lives of children may affect results
• What does privation refer to?

  Absence of something desired or needed
• What did Rutter observe about affectionless psychopathy?

  It is more likely due to privation
• What were the conditions of Romanian orphanages under Ceaușescu?

  Harsh laws led to many orphans
• What was the aim of Rutter et al.'s study?

  To study the effects of institutionalisation
• How many Romanian children were studied by Rutter et al.?

  165 children
• What was the age range of the Romanian orphans in Rutter's study?

  From birth to four years old
• What did Rutter find about the Romanian orphans' development?

  Initially underperformed compared to British controls
• What was the mean IQ of children adopted before six months?

  $102$
• What was the mean IQ of children adopted between six months and two years?

  $86$
• What was the mean IQ of children adopted after two years?

  $77$
• What did Zeanah et al. find about securely attached Romanian children?

  Only 19% were securely attached