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Spermatogenesis
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What is the male gamete called?
Spermatozoa
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Where does spermatogenesis occur?
In
seminiferous tubules
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What is the starting point of spermatogenesis?
Next to the
basement membrane
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How do spermatozoa mature during spermatogenesis?
They
proliferate
and
mature
towards
the
lumen
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What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?
Spermatocytogenesis
(
proliferation
)
Meiosis
Spermiogenesis
(
differentiation
)
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How many spermatozoa can a dairy bull produce per day?
7.5
×
1
0
9
7.5 \times 10^9
7.5
×
1
0
9
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What connects developing cells during spermatogenesis?
Intercellular bridges
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What are the types of spermatogonia?
A
,
I
(intermediate),
B
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What is the longest-lived germ cell in spermatogenesis?
Primary spermatocytes
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What happens to secondary spermatocytes?
They are
short-lived
(<
2
days)
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What occurs during spermiogenesis?
Differentiation
of
spheroid spermatids
Condensation
of
nucleus
Formation
of
acrosome
and
tail
Development
of
mitochondrial helix
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How long does spermatogenesis take in a bull?
61 days
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What is the significance of the seminiferous tubule in spermatogenesis?
It allows
continuous
release
of
spermatozoa
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What is the gross weight of paired testes in a dairy bull?
725 g
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What is the role of seminal plasma?
Provides
transport
,
nutrition
, and protection
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What are the three fractions of semen?
Pre sperm
:
Lubricates
and
cleans
urethra
Sperm rich
:
80-90%
of
sperm
Post
sperm
:
Gel
fraction
in
boar
and
stallion
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What is the process of spermiation?
Release
of
spermatozoa
from
Sertoli cells
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What happens to non-ejaculated sperm?
They become
senescent
and are broken down
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What are the stages of sperm deposition?
Erection
Emission
Ejaculation
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What drives the process of erection?
Contraction of
muscles
and
testosterone
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What is the function of the acrosome in sperm?
Contains
hydrolytic enzymes
for
fertilization
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What are the main differences in gamete production between male and female?
Timing of gamete production
Quantity of gametes produced
Structure of gametes
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What is the energy source for the tail of sperm?
Mitochondria
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What is the role of the principal piece of the sperm tail?
Provides
motility
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What is the composition of semen?
Sperm
and
seminal plasma
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What are the functions of each section of a sperm?
Head
: Contains
nucleus
and
acrosome
Mid
piece
: Contains
mitochondria
for energy
Tail
: Provides
motility
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What is the role of fructose in seminal plasma?
Provides
energy
for
sperm
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What is the role of citric acid in seminal plasma?
Maintains
osmotic pressure
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What is the significance of ergothioneine in seminal plasma?
Acts as an
antioxidant
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What is the function of the nuclear membrane in sperm?
Surrounds
the
nucleus
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What is the role of the post-nuclear cap in sperm?
Protects the
nucleus
during
fertilization
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What is the function of the axoneme in the sperm tail?
Provides
structural
support
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What is the role of coarse fibers in the sperm tail?
Provides
structural integrity
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What is the significance of the mid piece in sperm?
Contains
mitochondria
for energy
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What is the role of the end piece in sperm?
Contributes to
motility
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What is the function of the tail in sperm?
Provides
motility
for sperm
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What is the role of the neck in sperm?
Connects
head
and
tail
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What is the significance of the head in sperm?
Contains
genetic material
for
fertilization
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What is the role of the plasma membrane in sperm?
Surrounds
and
protects
the sperm
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What is the function of the hydrolytic enzymes in the acrosome?
Facilitates
fertilization
by
breaking
down
barriers
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See all 64 cards
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