Spermatogenesis

    Cards (64)

    • What is the male gamete called?
      Spermatozoa
    • Where does spermatogenesis occur?
      In seminiferous tubules
    • What is the starting point of spermatogenesis?
      Next to the basement membrane
    • How do spermatozoa mature during spermatogenesis?
      They proliferate and mature towards the lumen
    • What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?
      1. Spermatocytogenesis (proliferation)
      2. Meiosis
      3. Spermiogenesis (differentiation)
    • How many spermatozoa can a dairy bull produce per day?
      7.5×1097.5 \times 10^9
    • What connects developing cells during spermatogenesis?
      Intercellular bridges
    • What are the types of spermatogonia?
      A, I (intermediate), B
    • What is the longest-lived germ cell in spermatogenesis?
      Primary spermatocytes
    • What happens to secondary spermatocytes?
      They are short-lived (<2 days)
    • What occurs during spermiogenesis?
      • Differentiation of spheroid spermatids
      • Condensation of nucleus
      • Formation of acrosome and tail
      • Development of mitochondrial helix
    • How long does spermatogenesis take in a bull?
      61 days
    • What is the significance of the seminiferous tubule in spermatogenesis?
      It allows continuous release of spermatozoa
    • What is the gross weight of paired testes in a dairy bull?
      725 g
    • What is the role of seminal plasma?
      Provides transport, nutrition, and protection
    • What are the three fractions of semen?
      1. Pre sperm: Lubricates and cleans urethra
      2. Sperm rich: 80-90% of sperm
      3. Post sperm: Gel fraction in boar and stallion
    • What is the process of spermiation?
      Release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells
    • What happens to non-ejaculated sperm?
      They become senescent and are broken down
    • What are the stages of sperm deposition?
      1. Erection
      2. Emission
      3. Ejaculation
    • What drives the process of erection?
      Contraction of muscles and testosterone
    • What is the function of the acrosome in sperm?
      Contains hydrolytic enzymes for fertilization
    • What are the main differences in gamete production between male and female?
      • Timing of gamete production
      • Quantity of gametes produced
      • Structure of gametes
    • What is the energy source for the tail of sperm?
      Mitochondria
    • What is the role of the principal piece of the sperm tail?
      Provides motility
    • What is the composition of semen?
      Sperm and seminal plasma
    • What are the functions of each section of a sperm?
      • Head: Contains nucleus and acrosome
      • Mid piece: Contains mitochondria for energy
      • Tail: Provides motility
    • What is the role of fructose in seminal plasma?
      Provides energy for sperm
    • What is the role of citric acid in seminal plasma?
      Maintains osmotic pressure
    • What is the significance of ergothioneine in seminal plasma?
      Acts as an antioxidant
    • What is the function of the nuclear membrane in sperm?
      Surrounds the nucleus
    • What is the role of the post-nuclear cap in sperm?
      Protects the nucleus during fertilization
    • What is the function of the axoneme in the sperm tail?
      Provides structural support
    • What is the role of coarse fibers in the sperm tail?
      Provides structural integrity
    • What is the significance of the mid piece in sperm?
      Contains mitochondria for energy
    • What is the role of the end piece in sperm?
      Contributes to motility
    • What is the function of the tail in sperm?
      Provides motility for sperm
    • What is the role of the neck in sperm?
      Connects head and tail
    • What is the significance of the head in sperm?
      Contains genetic material for fertilization
    • What is the role of the plasma membrane in sperm?
      Surrounds and protects the sperm
    • What is the function of the hydrolytic enzymes in the acrosome?
      Facilitates fertilization by breaking down barriers
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