Great turn under Stalin

• Communist economy becomes command economy
• reasons for shift?

  • increase soviet military as afraid of modern war
  • self suffiency - communism is best so independant
  • crush peasants through increase grain supply as control bottom
  • move towards socialist - everyone works - communist society
  • establish stalin - prove himself
  • improve living standards— catch up west
• first five year plan

  1928 to 1932

  • emphasise heavy industry - coal iron steel
  • 80% investment - 1500 Etneterpises open
• success of first five year plan

  • coal and iron doubled
  • steel production increases
  • huge new industrial complex built
  • tractor works in stalingrad
• Gosplan and vesenkha trie to outbid each other with targets

  • coal up to 75 million tonnes
• return to war imagery to mobilise millions moving
• higher wages and incentives used to encourage workers
• weakness of first five year plan

  • decline in consumer industries
  • lack of skilled workers created problems and instability from changing jobs
• second five year plan

  1933 - 1937

  • 4500 enterprises open
  • new dam comes in
  • self sufficient in machine making and metal working
  • mattalurgy created
• weakness of second plan

  • consumer industries lagged
  • oil didn’t advance
• second plan

  • rationing ends and three good years
  • families have disposable income
  • easier targets
• third plan

  1938 — 1941

  • gosplan chaos as purges cut personnel
  • armament is bad quality due to high targets so quality is bad
• environment is no different from capitalism as targets and money is target
• managers covered up targets, exploitative power
• high wastage
• 7% skilled workforce who see as premium so charge more and create heirarchy
• women

  • 13 million by 1940
  • paid less
  • 44% of workforce
  • two incomes needed for stable life
  • neopatriarchal
• 25 million loan to fix mine worker were too unskilled for
• housing stock fell by 50% and millions of peasants flee
• stakhonovite movement

  • individuality and self involvement
  • Encourage others to be productive
  • Awarded privelage and recognition