Humanistic

• Free will: the notion that the choices we make are our own and not determined by internal or external forces
• Hierarchy of needs: self actualisation, esteem, love and belonging, safety, physiological
• Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs as a way to reach self actualisation, starting from the “bottom“ physiological
• Self actualisation level : morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts (in the self fulfilment block)
• Esteem level: self esteem, confidence, achievement, respect ( in the psychological block)
• Love and belonging level: friendship, family, intimacy ( in the psychological block)
• Safety level: security of body, employment, resources, family, health, property ( in the basic block)
• Physiological level: breathing, food, water, sex, homeostasis, excretion (in the basic block)
• The hierarchy blocks: self fulfilment, psychological, basic
• carl rogers 2 basic psychological health needs: positive regard from others and feelings of self worth
• the closer our self concept and ideal self the greater our self worth
• self acceptance can only be experienced when we meet th expectations others have set
• congruence: when our self concept matches our ideal self
• incongruence: when there is a gap between your ideal self and your self concept
• conditions of worth: unconditional or conditional positive regard
• unconditional positive regard: you receive positive regard no matter the behaviour
• conditional positive regard: positive regard is only given once criteria or conditions are met
• client centred therapy: encourages clients to discover their own solutions. the therapist provides genuineness empathy and unconditional positive regard
• client centred therapy pro: modern and effective
• client centred therapy con: cannot treat extreme mental illness
• Strengths of humanistic approach:

  holistic - so more valid, does not reduce behaviour to a single factor

  positive - unlike Freud leads to client centred therapy
• Weakness of humanistic approach: no empirical evidence cannot be reduced to one variable as too abstract, cultural bias individualist vs collectivist