Microbiology

• What are the two main types of bacteria mentioned?

  Prokaryotes and Archaea
• How do cyanobacteria contribute to the atmosphere?

  They perform oxygenic photosynthesis
• What is the role of cyanobacteria in evolution?

  They influenced the evolution of animals and plants
• What are the classifications of living things?

  • Prokaryotes:
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukaryotes:
  • Kingdoms: Animals, Fungi, Plants
• Name a type of bacteria that is Gram positive.

  Prochloron
• What is the first step in functional and critical sequence analysis?

  Isolate DNA from each organism
• What technique is used to make copies of the rRNA gene?

  PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
• Who is known for the discovery of vaccination?

  Edward Jenner
• What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek contribute to microbiology?

  First recorded observations of microorganisms
• What is the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation?

  It aids in the fermentation of glucose
• What is bioremediation?

  Use of microorganisms to clean up pollutants
• What is the purpose of genetic engineering in medicine?

  Production of pharmaceuticals like insulin
• How does antibiotic resistance occur in bacteria?

  Some bacteria survive and multiply despite antibiotics
• What are the steps of antibiotic resistance development?

  1. Some bacteria are drug-resistant.
  2. Antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria.
  3. Resistant bacteria multiply.
  4. Resistance spreads among bacteria.