APUSH 4

• The "Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States.
• Abolition was a movement to end slavery.
• The American System was a program for economic development advocated by Henry Clay.
• Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States.
• Barbary pirates were a group of North African pirates who operated in the Mediterranean Sea.
• The Battle of New Orleans was a battle during the War of 1812.
• Charles Finney was a prominent Methodist minister and abolitionist.
• The Cult of domesticity was a set of values associated with women.
• Dorothea Dix was a prominent advocate for the mentally ill.
• Eli Whitney is known for inventing the cotton gin.
• The Embargo Act was a trade restriction enacted by the U.S. government during the War of 1812.
• The Era of Good Feelings was a period of national unity following the War of 1812.
• The Erie Canal was a major transportation project in New York.
• The factory system was a method of production used in the early industrial period.
• Frederick Douglas was a prominent abolitionist and orator.
• The Free African Society was a community organization founded by free blacks in Philadelphia.
• The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists during the War of 1812.
• Henry Clay was a prominent statesman and advocate of the American System.
• The Hudson River School was a group of painters known for their depictions of the American landscape.
• The Indian Removal Act was a law that facilitated the relocation of Native Americans to the West.
• Industrialization was a process that transformed the American economy in the early industrial period.
• John C. Calhoun was a prominent statesman and advocate of nullification.
• John Marshall was the fourth chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
• Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws.
• King Cotton was a term used to describe the dominance of the cotton industry in the U.S.
• Labor unions were organizations that represented workers.
• The Lewis & Clark Expedition was a mission to explore the Louisiana Territory.
• The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of territory from France by the U.S.
• The market revolution expanded manufacturing and agricultural production through new transportation systems and technologies.
• Entrepreneurs helped create a market revolution in production and commerce, where market relationships between producers and consumers came to prevail as the manufacture of goods became more organized.
• Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, the telegraph, and agricultural inventions increased the efficiency of production methods.
• Legislation and judicial systems supported the development of roads, canals, and railroads, which extended and enlarged markets and helped foster regional interdependence.
• Transportation networks linked the North and Midwest more closely than they linked regions in the South.
• The changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on U.S society, workers’ lives, and gender and family relations.
• Increasing numbers of Americans, especially women and men working in factories, no longer relied on semisubsistence agriculture; instead they supported themselves producing goods for distant markets.
• The growth of manufacturing drove a significant increase in prosperity and standards of living for some; this led to the emergence of a larger middle class and a small but wealthy business elite but also to a large and growing population of laboring poor.
• Gender and family roles changed in response to the market revolution, particularly with the growth of definitions of domestic ideals that emphasized the separation of public and private spheres.
• Economic development shaped settlement and trade patterns, helping to unify the nation while also encouraging the growth of different regions.
• Large numbers of international migrants moved to industrializing northern cities, while many Americans moved west of the Appalachians, developing thriving new communities along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
• Increasing Southern cotton production and the related growth of Northern manufacturing, banking, and shipping industries promoted the development of national and international commercial ties.