Cell Structure

• Prokaryote Vs Eukaryote

  A) Present

  B) Not Present

  C) Linear

  D) Circular (nucleoid)

  E) Mitochondria / Chloroplasts

  F) Circular DNA loops (plasmids)

  G) Wrapped around histones

  H) Proteins (not histones) fold and condense DNA

  I) Not Present

  J) Cellulose

  K) Chitin

  L) Peptidoglycan

  M) Larger, 80s

  N) Smaller, 70s

  O) More complex

  P) Present

  Q) Asexual and Sexual

  R) Binary Fission

  S) Unicellular and Multicellular

  T) Unicellular

  U) Large and Complex

  V) Small and Simpler

  W) Some

  X) None

  Y) Protists

  Z) Bacteria, Archaebacteria

  
• Viruses


  • Non-cellular and non-living, smallest known microbe (about 1 millionth of a mm long)
  • Cannot be seen with light microscope only electron microscope, often look crystalline in structure
  • Have no cytoplasm, membrane, wall or nucleus
  • Particles are virions and come in many shapes: polyhedral, spherical helical and complex
  • All pathogenic
  • Must live inside another cell (host)
  • Some have latent infection; host cell triggers viral replication
  • Examples: Tobacco Mosaic, Adenovirus, Influenza, and Bacteriophage
• Prokaryotes

  • Ancient (4 bn years old)
  • Diverse, numerous organism kingdoms, two domains: Eubacteria (Bacteria) + Archaebacteria (Archaea)
  • Some live in any habitat (extremophiles)
  • Divide by binary fission + share genes sexually by conjunction
  • Not all pathogenic, some good + majority neither
  • Small, 1-10 μm (0.001-0.01mm); 15,000x smaller than avg eukaryote
  • Unicellular; form clusters/chains
  • Structurally simple, but metabolically + biochemically more versatile
  • Some respire aerobically + others anaerobic

  Bacteria Types:

  Gram-positive

  • Thick peptidoglycan layer
  • Certain acids appears blue/violet under light microscope (stain)

  Gram-negative

  • Thinner peptidoglycan layer
  • Surrounded by second membrane, with lipoproteins or lipopolysaccharides
  • Don’t take up gram stain, appear red/pink